Table 1.
Studies investigating the use of CAS in FAI surgery
| Product | Purpose | Technology/imaging modality | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative assessment tools | |||
| Tannast et al. (HipMotion) [32] | FAI | BrainLAB | Localize impingement zone |
| CT-based 3D | Collision detection algorithm | ||
| Kinematics | Predict improvement in ROM after virtual resection | ||
| Puls et al. [26] | FAI | Laser/CT 3D model | Localize impingement zone |
| MARVIN navigation | Collision detection algorithm | ||
| Equidistant method | Predict improvement in ROM after virtual resection | ||
| Tannast et al. (HipMotion) [17] | FAI | BrainLAB | Localize impingement zone |
| CT-based 3D | Collision detection algorithm | ||
| Kinematics | Predict improvement in ROM after virtual resection | ||
| Intraoperative navigation programs | |||
| Monahan et al. [21, 22] | FAI | Encoder-Linkage and 3D CT/MRI | Encoder: captures tool motion |
| Surgical instrument tracking | |||
| Incorporates soft tissue and bony anatomy | |||
| Brunner et al. [7] | FAI | BrainLAB and fluoroscopy | Surgical instrument tracking |
| No pre-op planning, delineation of impingement, or display of amount of resected bone during surgery | |||
| Almoussa et al. [2] | FAI | BrainLAB | Surgical instrument tracking |
| 3D CT | Pre-op plan available | ||
| Intra-op resection monitoring | |||
| Ecker et al. (HipMotion) [12] | FAI | 3D CT/MRI | Surgical instrument tracking |
| MARVIN navigation | Pre-op plan available | ||
| Intra-op resection monitoring | |||
| Comparison of post-op resection to original plan | |||
| Rudolph et al. [29] | FAI | MARVIN navigation | Surgical instrument tracking |
| Intra-op resection monitoring | |||
| Robotic-assisted execution | |||
| “da Vinci” [2] | Urological | Tele-robotic platform | Remote control of robotic arms |
| gynecological procedures | 3D view of operative site via stereostatic cameras | ||
| Kather et al. [15] | FAI | Tele-robotic platform | Remote control of robotic arms |
| 3D view of operative site via stereostatic cameras | |||
| “Brigit” bone resection instrument guide | TKA | Positioning arm | Applies pre-op defined cutting limits to intra-op multi-slot cut guide placement for accurate tool positioning |
| Acrobot [10] (“Haptics”) | TKA | Haptically-guided arm 3D CT | Uses pre-op plan to control surgeon's movement and sense of touch via forces and vibrations |
| MAKO [27] tactile guidance system | TKA/THA | Haptically-guided arm | Haptically guided bone milling |
| 3D CT | |||