(A) TGFβ measured by ELISA in Treg induction culture supernatants (with IL-2 ± QMAD) at 24 hours and 48 hours, compared to 5 day culture supernatants with TGFβ, performed in duplicate or triplicate. *p<0.05 IL-2 + TGFβ compared to all groups, n=4. (B) Representative histograms of CFSE dilution and intracellular p-AKT (assessed using monoclonal antibody) of enriched CD3+ T cells stimulated for 3 days with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3/CD28 ± QMAD. (C) Quantified results of multiple experiments performed in duplicate or triplicate (expressed as means of % of untreated control, normalized to 100%, ± SEM). *p<0.05.