Table 4.
Pregnancy and delivery characteristics and infant outcomes by neighbourhood unemployment rate quartiles (percentages)
| |
Trent |
Ile-de- France |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Unemployment rate quartiles |
Unemployment rate quartiles |
|||||||||||
| Cases | 1st (least) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th (most) | pa | pb | Cases | 1st (least) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th (most) | pa | pb | |
|
Characteristics of very preterm pregnancy and delivery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Maternal age [mean (SD)], years |
533 |
30.6 |
28.8 |
27.4 |
25.2 |
(<.001) |
|
584 |
31.7 |
30.2 |
30.4 |
29.6 |
(0.07) |
|
| |
(5.2) |
(6.5) |
(9.0) |
(5.9) |
|
|
(5.6) |
(5.5) |
(6.1) |
(6.4) |
|
|
||
| Gestational age at delivery |
|
|
|
|
|
(0.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.2) |
|
| less ≤27 weeks |
175 |
36.9 |
28.2 |
34.3 |
32.4 |
|
|
205 |
39.8 |
23.8 |
36.2 |
39.1 |
|
|
| 28-29 weeks |
139 |
31.0 |
29.1 |
20.7 |
26.1 |
|
|
160 |
26.5 |
32.0 |
26.6 |
25.7 |
|
|
| 30-31 weeks |
220 |
32.1 |
42.7 |
45.0 |
41.6 |
|
|
219 |
33.7 |
44.3 |
37.3 |
35.2 |
|
|
| Small for gestational agec |
|
|
|
|
|
(0.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.6) |
|
| <10 percentile |
44 |
14.1 |
11.0 |
5.9 |
7.3 |
|
|
68 |
7.7 |
12.7 |
16.6 |
10.8 |
|
|
| 10-24th |
75 |
10.3 |
12.0 |
17.8 |
16.1 |
|
|
109 |
20.5 |
20.3 |
18.4 |
21.1 |
|
|
| ≥25th |
387 |
75.6 |
77.0 |
76.3 |
76.7 |
|
|
367 |
71.8 |
67.0 |
65.0 |
68.1 |
|
|
| Hypertension during pregnancyd |
109 |
31.0 |
22.3 |
17.9 |
16.9 |
(0.04) |
(0.1) |
128 |
19.3 |
19.7 |
19.2 |
26.7 |
(0.2) |
(0.2) |
| Antepartum haemorrhage without hypertension |
218 |
39.3 |
42.7 |
37.1 |
43.0 |
(0.7) |
(0.7) |
95 |
19.3 |
16.4 |
14.7 |
16.3 |
(0.8) |
(0.8) |
| Premature rupture of membranes without hypertension or antepartum haemorrhage |
66 |
15.5 |
11.7 |
17.9 |
7.7 |
(0.03) |
(0.02) |
118 |
25.3 |
16.4 |
26.0 |
15.4 |
(0.03) |
(0.03) |
| Preterm labour without hypertension, haemorrhage or PPROM |
56 |
4.8 |
8.7 |
10.0 |
14.0 |
(0.1) |
(0.2) |
95 |
15.7 |
16.4 |
13.0 |
19.3 |
(0.4) |
(0.5) |
| Caesarean section before labour |
215 |
40.5 |
39.8 |
40.0 |
40.6 |
(1.0) |
(1.0) |
247 |
39.8 |
47.5 |
42.9 |
39.6 |
(0.9) |
(0.6) |
|
Very preterm infant outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| In-hospital mortalitye |
125 |
19.1 |
17.5 |
22.1 |
20.8 |
(0.8) |
(0.5) |
167 |
33.7 |
22.0 |
22.6 |
26.2 |
(0.2) |
(0.1) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaf,g |
86 |
20.6 |
23.5 |
17.4 |
20.1 |
(0.8) |
(0.5) |
67 |
12.7 |
16.1 |
19.3 |
12.8 |
(0.5) |
(0.5) |
| Brain lesionsf,h |
26 |
4.4 |
9.4 |
7.3 |
4.3 |
(0.4) |
|
19 |
3.6 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
6.1 |
(0.8) |
|
| At least one day on ventilatorf |
237 |
64.0 |
65.6 |
63.2 |
57.7 |
(0.3) |
(0.4) |
304 |
77.9 |
71.7 |
75.0 |
70.4 |
(0.7) |
(0.7) |
| Long hospital stayf,i |
108 |
23.5 |
32.9 |
22.0 |
24.4 |
(0.5) |
(0.4) |
108 |
20.0 |
25.5 |
26.3 |
24.8 |
(<.001) |
(0.8) |
| Breast milk at dischargef | 149 | 62.7 | 33.7 | 30.6 | 28.4 | (<.001) | (<.001) | 122 | 40.0 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 19.7 | (0.02) | (0.04) |
a) p value for bivariable analysis; b) adjusted for maternal age for pregnancy complications and caesarean section; p value adjusted for gestational age, small for gestational age and sex for infant outcomes. Small number of infants with brain lesions did not allowed calculation of aOR; c) <10th percentile of birthweight standards from the MOSAIC cohort; d) Hypertension during pregnancy: pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome; e) In-hospital mortality includes death during labour, delivery or hospitalization after birth; f) Includes only infants discharge alive; g) Oxygen dependence or ventilation, including nasal continuous positive airway pressure, at 36 weeks of gestational age; h) Brain lesions includes intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia; i) Long hospital stay: longer hospital stay than 75th percentile for gestational age.