Table 5.
Particle penetration (50% cut-point) through respiratory tract regions relative to particles entering the respiratory tract
|
Vdaily (%-tile) |
Normal |
|
Gradual |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Augmenter |
Mouth-breather |
Augmenter |
Oral only |
||||
| P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | |
|
Male |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.94 a |
2.74 |
5.15 |
4.32 |
3.60 |
3.25 |
9.00 |
6.67 |
| 95% CI |
(1.72–5.03) |
(1.65–4.34) |
(3.12–8.48) |
(2.84–6.10) |
(2.11–6.11) |
(2.00–4.98) |
(5.86–13.8) |
(5.00–8.14) |
| 50% |
2.46 |
2.30 |
5.09 |
4.30 |
3.37 |
3.05 |
8.09 |
6.11 |
| 95% CI |
(1.44–4.20) |
(1.38–3.71) |
(3.14–8.26) |
(2.86–5.88) |
(1.99–5.67) |
(1.88–4.65) |
(5.26–12.4) |
(4.58–7.34) |
| 95% |
2.14 |
2.03 |
5.08 |
4.31 |
3.19 |
2.90 |
7.61 |
5.89 |
| 95% CI |
(1.25–3.66) |
(1.20–3.32) |
(3.16–8.16) |
(2.89–5.83) |
(1.90–5.33) |
(1.79–4.44) |
(4.95–11.7) |
(4.38–7.07) |
|
Female |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.92 |
2.71 |
4.32 |
3.78 |
3.10 |
2.86 |
8.78 |
6.50 |
| 95% CI |
(1.71–5.01) |
(1.63–4.28) |
(2.57–7.22) |
(2.40–5.52) |
(1.81–5.30) |
(1.73–4.48) |
(5.71–13.5) |
(4.88–7.91) |
| 50% |
2.42 |
2.27 |
4.46 |
3.87 |
2.91 |
2.68 |
7.88 |
5.96 |
| 95% CI |
(1.41–4.13) |
(1.36–3.64) |
(2.72–7.32) |
(2.51–5.45) |
(1.71–4.94) |
(1.63–4.19) |
(5.13–12.1) |
(4.47–7.17) |
| 95% |
2.10 |
1.99 |
4.58 |
3.96 |
2.74 |
2.54 |
7.44 |
5.77 |
| 95% CI |
(1.23–3.60) |
(1.18–3.26) |
(2.82–7.42) |
(2.60–5.49) |
(1.61–4.64) |
(1.53–4.00) |
(4.84–11.4) |
(4.29–6.94) |
|
Child-B b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.77 |
2.61 |
4.31 |
3.78 |
4.30 |
3.78 |
8.34 |
6.46 |
| 95% CI |
(1.62–4.75) |
(1.56–4.18) |
(2.58–7.19) |
(2.40–5.57) |
(2.57–7.17) |
(2.40–5.56) |
(5.42–12.8) |
(4.74–8.04) |
| 50% |
2.25 |
2.13 |
4.37 |
3.81 |
4.07 |
3.59 |
7.50 |
5.81 |
| 95% CI |
(1.31–3.85) |
(1.27–3.48) |
(2.67–7.15) |
(2.47–5.35) |
(2.46–6.71) |
(2.29–5.15) |
(4.88–11.5) |
(4.32–7.08) |
| 95% |
1.89 |
1.81 |
4.34 |
3.76 |
3.98 |
3.49 |
6.91 |
5.33 |
| 95% CI |
(1.11–3.24) |
(1.07–2.98) |
(2.69–7.03) |
(2.48–5.11) |
(2.45–6.47) |
(2.27–4.88) |
(4.49–10.6) |
(4.01–6.36) |
|
Child-A c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
3.92 |
3.56 |
5.60 |
4.72 |
5.59 |
4.72 |
8.34 |
6.46 |
| 95% CI |
(2.29–6.72) |
(2.18–5.44) |
(3.38–9.28) |
(3.09–6.63) |
(3.37–9.27) |
(3.09–6.62) |
(5.42–12.8) |
(4.74–8.04) |
| 50% |
3.18 |
2.94 |
5.37 |
4.53 |
5.12 |
4.36 |
7.50 |
5.81 |
| 95% CI |
(1.86–5.45) |
(1.77–4.58) |
(3.29–8.77) |
(3.03–6.10) |
(3.11–8.40) |
(2.88–5.95) |
(4.88–11.5) |
(4.32–7.08) |
| 95% |
2.68 |
2.50 |
5.16 |
4.34 |
4.85 |
4.14 |
6.91 |
5.33 |
| 95% CI | (1.56–4.58) | (1.50–3.97) | (3.19–8.34) | (2.94–5.66) | (2.98–7.90) | (2.76–5.51) | (4.49–10.6) | (4.01–6.36) |
P(ET)avg, extrathoracic particle penetration which is the thoracic particle fraction averaged across all activity levels weighted by daily ventilation; P(TB)avg, tracheobronchial particle penetration which is the respirable particle fraction averaged across all activity levels weighted by daily ventilation; 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence intervals for inter-individual variability attributable to differences in particle penetration through the extrathoracic region; a Aerodynamic particle diameter in μm; b Scaling factor in Equations 2 and 3 equal to 1.26; c Scaling factor in Equations 2 and 3 equal to 1.0.