Table 7.
Inhalability adjusted particle penetration (50% cut-point) through respiratory tract regions
|
Vdaily (%-tile) |
Normal |
|
Gradual |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Augmenter |
Mouth-breather |
Augmenter |
Oral only |
||||
| P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | P(ET)avg | P(TB)avg | |
|
Male |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.92 a |
2.72 |
4.97 |
4.24 |
3.55 |
3.22 |
8.24 |
6.38 |
| 95% CI |
(1.71–4.90) |
(1.64–4.26) |
(3.09–7.66) |
(2.81–5.85) |
(2.11–5.82) |
(2.00–4.85) |
(5.66–11.4) |
(4.89–7.59) |
| 50% |
2.44 |
2.30 |
4.93 |
4.21 |
3.33 |
3.02 |
7.52 |
5.90 |
| 95% CI |
(1.43–4.12) |
(1.37–3.67) |
(3.11–7.51) |
(2.84–5.67) |
(1.99–5.43) |
(1.87–4.54) |
(5.12–10.5) |
(4.50–6.98) |
| 95% |
2.14 |
2.02 |
4.92 |
4.22 |
3.15 |
2.88 |
7.14 |
5.71 |
| 95% CI |
(1.25–3.62) |
(1.20–3.29) |
(3.13–7.44) |
(2.87–5.64) |
(1.89–5.15) |
(1.78–4.36) |
(4.84–10.1) |
(4.32–6.77) |
|
Female |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.90 |
2.70 |
4.22 |
3.72 |
3.08 |
2.85 |
8.06 |
6.23 |
| 95% CI |
(1.70–4.87) |
(1.63–4.20) |
(2.56–6.73) |
(2.38–5.34) |
(1.81–5.13) |
(1.73–4.40) |
(5.53–11.2) |
(4.78–7.41) |
| 50% |
2.41 |
2.26 |
4.36 |
3.81 |
2.89 |
2.67 |
7.35 |
5.77 |
| 95% CI |
(1.41–4.06) |
(1.35–3.60) |
(2.70–6.80) |
(2.50–5.29) |
(1.71–4.79) |
(1.63–4.12) |
(5.00–10.3) |
(4.39–6.83) |
| 95% |
2.10 |
1.99 |
4.46 |
3.89 |
2.72 |
2.52 |
7.00 |
5.60 |
| 95% CI |
(1.23–3.55) |
(1.18–3.23) |
(2.80–6.87) |
(2.58–5.33) |
(1.61–4.42) |
(1.53–3.93) |
(4.74–9.91) |
(4.22–6.66) |
|
Child-B b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
2.76 |
2.60 |
4.22 |
3.73 |
4.21 |
3.72 |
7.73 |
6.20 |
| 95% CI |
(1.62–4.64) |
(1.56–4.11) |
(2.56–6.69) |
(2.39–5.38) |
(2.56–6.68) |
(2.39–5.37) |
(5.28–10.8) |
(4.65–7.52) |
| 50% |
2.24 |
2.13 |
4.27 |
3.75 |
3.99 |
3.54 |
7.05 |
5.63 |
| 95% CI |
(1.31–3.79) |
(1.27–3.44) |
(2.65–6.66) |
(2.46–5.20) |
(2.45–6.30) |
(2.28–5.01) |
(4.77–9.98) |
(4.25–6.74) |
| 95% |
1.89 |
1.80 |
4.25 |
3.71 |
3.91 |
3.45 |
6.56 |
5.21 |
| 95% CI |
(1.10–3.21) |
(1.07–2.96) |
(2.67–6.56) |
(2.47–4.99) |
(2.42–6.12) |
(2.25–4.78) |
(4.42–9.37) |
(3.96–6.15) |
|
Child-A c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5% |
3.87 |
3.52 |
5.40 |
4.62 |
5.39 |
4.61 |
7.73 |
6.20 |
| 95% CI |
(2.28–6.36) |
(2.17–5.27) |
(3.34–8.32) |
(3.07–6.32) |
(3.34–8.31) |
(3.06–6.31) |
(5.28–10.8) |
(4.65–7.52) |
| 50% |
3.15 |
2.92 |
5.20 |
4.44 |
4.96 |
4.28 |
7.05 |
5.63 |
| 95% CI |
(1.85–5.29) |
(1.77–4.49) |
(3.26–7.96) |
(3.00–5.88) |
(3.09–7.66) |
(2.86–5.75) |
(4.77–9.98) |
(4.25–6.74) |
| 95% |
2.66 |
2.49 |
5.00 |
4.26 |
4.73 |
4.07 |
6.56 |
5.21 |
| 95% CI | (1.56–4.47) | (1.50–3.91) | (3.16–7.64) | (2.92–5.51) | (2.96–7.29) | (2.74–5.39) | (4.42–9.37) | (3.96–6.15) |
P(ET)avg, extrathoracic particle penetration which is the thoracic particle fraction averaged across all activity levels weighted by daily ventilation; P(TB)avg, tracheobronchial particle penetration which is the respirable particle fraction averaged across all activity levels weighted by daily ventilation; 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence intervals for inter-individual variability attributable to differences in particle penetration through the extrathoracic region; a Aerodynamic particle diameter in μm; b Scaling factor in Equations 2 and 3 equal to 1.26; c Scaling factor in Equations 2 and 3 equal to 1.0.