Table 2.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for kinematic variables
|
Variable |
Pretreatment, mean (SD) |
Posttreatment, mean (SD) |
ANCOVA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| URT (n = 18) | BRT (n = 18) | CT (n = 17) | URT (n = 18) | BRT (n = 18) | CT (n = 17) | F | P | η2 | |
|
Unilateral task |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NMT (sec/mm) |
0.004 (0.002) |
0.005 (0.003) |
0.004 (0.002) |
0.004 (0.003) |
0.004 (0.002) |
0.003 (0.001) |
0.57 |
.57 |
0.023 |
| NMUs (unit/mm) |
0.03 (0.01) |
0.03 (0.03) |
0.02 (0.01) |
0.02 (0.02) |
0.02 (0.01) |
0.01 (0.01) |
0.96 |
.39 |
0.038 |
| Trunk contribution |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slope: start |
1.80 (1.05) |
2.29 (1.54) |
2.65 (1.55) |
1.29 (1.09) |
2.24 (1.39) |
2.50 (1.45) |
2.47 |
.10 |
0.092 |
| Slope: mid |
0.71 (0.41) |
0.75 (0.56) |
0.81 (0.43) |
0.89 (0.51) |
0.80 (0.52) |
0.93 (0.54) |
0.42 |
.66 |
0.017 |
|
Bilateral task |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NMT (sec/mm) |
0.008 (0.01) |
0.006 (0.004) |
0.005 (0.003) |
0.005 (0.003) |
0.005 (0.002) |
0.004 (0.003) |
0.33 |
.72 |
0.013 |
| NMUs (unit/mm) |
0.04 (0.06) |
0.04 (0.04) |
0.02 (0.02) |
0.02 (0.02) |
0.03 (0.01) |
0.02 (0.02) |
0.27 |
.77 |
0.011 |
| Trunk contribution |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slope: start |
0.75 (0.53) |
1.11 (0.61) |
1.06 (0.66) |
0.51 (0.90) |
1.66 (1.46) |
1.60 (1.11) |
3.32 |
.045a,b |
0.120 |
| Slope: mid | 0.52 (0.71) | 0.30 (0.45) | 0.66 (0.65) | 0.90 (0.67) | 0.44 (0.59) | 0.34 (0.61) | 5.78 | .01a,c | 0.190 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; URT, unilateral robot-assisted training; BRT, bilateral robot-assisted training; CT, control treatment; NMT, normalized movement time; NMUs, normalized movement units.
aStatistically significant (P < .05).
Post hoc analyses: bBRT vs. URT, P = .027; CT vs. URT, P = .032. cURT vs. CT, P = .001.