Table 4.

Pre-attack stress-load, appraisal and coping, and 9/11-specific appraisal and coping predicting PTS symptoms and impairment

	PTS symptoms			Functional impairment
Predictors	β at entry	ΔR2	β last step	β at entry	ΔR2	β last step
Step 1: Control variables		.08			.10*
Age	−.23**		−.02	−.09		−.00
Gender1	−.05		−.14	.02		−.04
Time since previous interview	.02		.07	−.12		−.06
Time since 9/11	−.05		.04	−.08		−.04
Pre-attack symptomatology	.18*		.02	.27**		.18*
Step 2: Indirect exposure		.01			.00
Knowing someone	.02		.07	−.04		−.01
Media exposure	−.12		−.09	.01		−.00
Step 3: Pre-attack stress-load	.35**	.11**	.21*	.15	.02	.10
Step 4: Pre-attack appraisal/coping		.03			.01
Threat appraisal style	.21*		.04	.09		−.04
Positive appraisal style	−.03		−.00	.10		.17
Active coping style	−.05		−.03	−.05		−.12
Avoidant coping style	.08		−.01	−.15		−.16
Step 5: 9/11-specific appraisal/coping		.17**			.12**
Threat appraisal	.34**		–	.39**		–
Positive appraisal	−.11		–	.03		–
Active coping	.07		–	−.04		–
Avoidant coping	.29**		–	.05		–

¹Girl = 1, boy = 2.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01.