Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the DGPLEAD study overall and by combination antiretroviral therapy
| |
|
Combination antiretroviral therapy |
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Overall (n = 118) | AZT+3TC+NVP (n = 58) | D4T+3TC+NVP (n = 43) | Other ‡ (n = 17) | P * |
| Age, years† |
35.0 ± 7.9 |
36.7 ± 7.5 |
33.3 ± 7.3 |
33.5 ± 9.7 |
0.07 |
| Gender, % female |
55.9 |
41.4 |
72.1 |
64.7 |
0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
20.2 ± 2.7 |
20.2 ± 2.7 |
20.0 ± 2.4 |
20.3 ± 3.5 |
0.86 |
| BMI, % |
|
|
|
|
|
| < 18.5 kg/m2 |
29.7 |
27.6 |
27.9 |
41.2 |
0.63 |
| 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 |
63.6 |
67.2 |
65.1 |
47.1 |
|
| ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
7.0 |
11.8 |
|
| Weight, kg |
54.9 ± 8.7 |
57.2 ± 9.0 |
51.9 ± 7.1 |
54.4 ± 9.7 |
0.01 |
| Height, m |
1.65 ± 0.08 |
1.68 ± 0.07 |
1.61 ± 0.07 |
1.64 ± 0.07 |
< 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm |
72.9 ± 6.7 |
73.8 ±7.2 |
72.7 ± 6.0 |
70.2 ± 6.3 |
0.16 |
| Hip circumference, cm |
89.1 ± 7.0 |
90.1 ± 7.4 |
88.1 ± 6.2 |
88.2 ± 7.7 |
0.32 |
| MUAC, cm |
24.9 ± 2.6 |
25.4 ± 2.7 |
24.2 ± 2.1 |
24.9 ± 2.9 |
0.06 |
| Current smoker, % † |
4.4 |
7.1 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
0.33 |
| Current drinker, % † |
9.6 |
14.3 |
4.7 |
6.3 |
0.24 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day |
1750 ± 651 |
1840 ± 641 |
1620 ± 604 |
1770 ± 773 |
0.25 |
| Total fat, % energy/day |
31.7 ± 10.8 |
29.3 ± 9.5 |
34.0 ± 11.2 |
34.5 ± 12.4 |
0.05 |
| MUFA, % energy/day |
9.1 ± 3.5 |
8.3 ± 3.0 |
9.8 ± 4.2 |
9.8 ± 3.1 |
0.07 |
| PUFA, % energy/day |
14.1 ± 5.9 |
12.8 ± 5.0 |
15.2 ± 5.9 |
15.4 ± 7.9 |
0.07 |
| Saturated fat, % energy/day |
6.3 ± 2.5 |
6.0 ± 2.5 |
6.6 ± 2.7 |
6.8 ± 2.4 |
0.37 |
| Carbohydrates, % energy/day |
56.1 ± 12.4 |
58.0 ± 11.5 |
54.2 ± 12.8 |
54.5 ± 14.3 |
0.27 |
| Proteins, % energy/day |
12.9 ± 3.9 |
13.4 ± 4.2 |
12.6 ± 4.0 |
12.0 ± 2.2 |
0.34 |
| CD4 count, cells/μL |
136 ± 50 |
137 ± 45 |
133 ± 51 |
138 ± 65 |
0.87 |
| CRP, mg/L † |
9.48 [2.04, 25.94] |
5.62 [1.31, 17.36] |
16.62 [5.51, 44.31] |
4.05 [1.64, 25.62] |
0.01 |
| CRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L, % † |
70.4 |
63.5 |
84.6 |
58.8 |
0.05 |
| Albumin, g/dL † |
3.11 ± 0.71 |
3.44 ± 0.59 |
2.67 ± 0.64 |
3.14 ± 0.67 |
< 0.001 |
| Albumin < 3.5 g/dL, % † |
65.7 |
48.1 |
89.7 |
64.7 |
< 0.001 |
| Creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL, % † |
0.93 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
0.41 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL † |
3.00 [1.90, 5.40] |
3.00 [2.00, 5.00] |
3.00 [1.50, 5.00] |
2.60 [1.20, 5.90] |
0.80 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L † |
3.80 [3.40, 4.10] |
3.90 [3.60, 4.30] |
3.70 [3.40, 4.10] |
3.60 [3.00, 3.90] |
0.02 |
| HOMA-IR |
0.51 [0.30, 0.98] |
0.53 [0.33, 0.93] |
0.50 [0.28, 1.00] |
0.45 [0.16, 0.98] |
0.63 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
3.56 ± 0.83 |
3.68 ± 0.75 |
3.42 ± 0.92 |
3.52 ± 0.86 |
0.27 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L |
1.02 [0.85, 1.37] |
1.01 [0.86, 1.33] |
1.16 [0.88, 1.60] |
0.95 [0.77, 1.05] |
0.15 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L |
2.12 ± 0.75 |
2.26 ± 0.62 |
1.93 ± 0.89 |
2.10 ± 0.68 |
0.10 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L |
0.72 [0.52, 1.09] |
0.80 [0.61, 1.15] |
0.65 [0.34, 0.92] |
0.76 [0.57, 1.03] |
0.08 |
| TC:HDL-c ratio | 4.77 [3.51, 6.30] | 4.54 [3.44, 5.84] | 5.32 [3.97, 8.93] | 4.34 [3.33, 5.82] | 0.15 |
DGPLEAD, Diet, Genetic Polymorphisms in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzyme genes, and Antiretroviral Therapy-Related Dyslipidemia; BMI, Body Mass Index; MUAC, Mid Upper Arm Circumference; MUFA, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; CRP, C-reactive Protein; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; TC, Total Cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation, median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] or percent.
‡ AZT + 3TC + EFV, D4T + 3TC + EFV, TDF + FTC + EFV, or TDF+FTC+NVP.
* P-values for the comparison between cART regimens were obtained through one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and from Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
† Variables with missing values – 1 for glucose, 2 for age, 3 for both smoking and alcohol status, 10 for CRP, albumin and creatinine and 20 for insulin.