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. 2013 May 1;8(5):e63100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063100

Figure 8. Schematic representation of the complementary effect of TLR2 and TLR9 activation during T.cruzi infection.

Figure 8

A) The early release of IFN-γ induces an increase of TLR9 expression in DC and primes cells to TLR9 response (1). The high levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 secreted by DCs down-regulate the TLR9 responses of monocytes/macrophages by modulating the TLR9 expression (2). On the other hand, TLR2 is used by macrophage population to produce TNF-α (3). B) In DCs, TLR2 regulates negatively TLR9-dependent IL-12/IL-23p40 production by modulating signaling pathway.