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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2008;170:353–364. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00429-9

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic diagram of multiple neuroplastic changes in the PVNmpd under conditions of chronic drive. Following chronic stress, there is increased expression of ACTH secretagogs CRH and AVP. At the same time, expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is down-regulated, suggesting loss of feedback capacity. Expression of the GABA-A receptor subunits beta-1 and beta-2 are decreased, consistent with reduced GABAergic inhibition. In contrast, expression of the kainate preferring GluR5 subunit mRNA is increased, suggesting increased glutamate signaling via non-NMDA receptors. Finally, glutamatergic innervation of CRH neurons is markedly increased following chronic drive by adrenalectomy, suggesting the potential for stress-induced synaptic plasticity.