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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Evol Biol. 2013 Mar 27;26(5):1060–1078. doi: 10.1111/jeb.12120

Table 1.

MANCOVA statistics from experiment 1.

Effect Pillai F approx. hypoth. df resid. df p value
Population (A) 0.38 5.01 25 1510 <0.0001

Rearing
Environment (B)
0.66 117.86 5 298 <0.0001

A × B 0.58 7.90 25 1510 <0.0001

Size (PW) 0.05 3.14 5 298 <0.01

Trait Means (±SE) by Population
Wild-Caught CPN (#) TN (#) DF (MHz) ICD (ms) CIPD (ms)

ACT 6.43 (0.30) 2.59 (0.21) 3.87 (0.03) 209.29 (18.25) 26.67 (0.94)

KL 6.73 (0.25) 2.84 (0.20) 3.78 (0.03) 246.09 (18.40) 30.33 (1.19)

SA 6.73 (0.26) 2.43 (0.20) 3.66 (0.05) 305.33 (23.21) 29.28 (0.71)

SL 6.02 (0.20) 3.34 (0.22) 4.00 (0.04) 215.4 (33.11) 25.32 (0.83)

TAS 6.95 (0.21) 2.7 (0.18) 3.49 (0.04) 262.54 (16.19) 32.75 (1.43)

WA 8.15 (0.48) 2.63 (0.20) 3.89 (0.08) 297.56 (22.45) 37.4 (0.87)

Common-Garden CPN (#) TN (#) DF (MHz) ICD (ms) CIPD (ms)
ACT 5.59 (0.14) 2.93 (0.18) 4.06 (0.02) 157.15 (5.13) 18.97 (0.75)

KL 6.08 (0.17) 2.49 (0.28) 4.04 (0.03) 176.44 (8.42) 21.5 (0.76)

SA 5.79 (0.15) 2.06 (0.23) 4.15 (0.03) 136.42 (4.34) 18.08 (0.61)

SL 5.77 (0.12) 2.41 (0.17) 3.97 (0.03) 151.52 (4.19) 18.1 (0.38)

TAS 5.79 (0.12) 2.42 (0.16) 4.08 (0.03) 140.17 (4.00) 18.13 (0.49)

WA 5.56 (0.14) 2.64 (0.24) 4.15 (0.03) 127.78 (5.32) 18.63 (0.57)

Post-hoc P<0.05 A, B, A×B B, A×B A, B, A×B B, A×B A, B, A×B, PW

Significant p values are italicized.