Table 1.

Frontal and sagittal plane gait kinematics.

	No AFO mean (SD)	AFO mean (SD)	P-value
Frontal plane
Pelvic obliquity angle†	2.9 (1.1)	.8 (3.1)	.02*
Peak pelvic obliquity angle	8.2 (2.8)	6.5 (2.0)	.03‡
Hip abduction angle†	−4.0 (5.1)	−3.4 (4.0)	.63
Peak hip abduction angle	2.0 (2.3)	2.6 (2.5)	.95
Sagittal plane
Hip flexion angle†	3.3 (11.1)	1.7 (10.4)	.22
Peak hip flexion angle	27.9 (11.1)	29.6 (11.6)	.20
Knee flexion angle†	19.3 (12.4)	14.4 (11.8)	.25
Peak knee flexion angle	31.9 (7.7)	27.7 (13.2)	.32
Ankle dorsiflexion angle†	7.9 (5.3)	10.1 (6.0)	.02*
Peak ankle dorsiflexion angle	−1.9 (6.3)	4.6 (4.5)	.01*

Up pelvic obliquity, hip adduction, hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion are defined as positive (+).

^*Statistically significant differences between AFO and non AFO conditions by paired t-test.

^† Calculated at toeoff.

^‡Statistically significant differences between AFO and non AFO conditions by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.