APPENDIX 1.

KINETIC EQUATIONS FOR THE METABOLIC REACTIONS

1. Glycolysis I	GLC + ATP → G6P + ADP ${\phi }_{\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}=V_{\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}\left[\frac{K_{\text{i},\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{i},\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}+C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{GLC}}{C}_{\text{ATP}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{i},\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}+\frac{C_{\text{GLC}}{C}_{\text{ATP}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLC}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}}\right]$
2. Glycolysis II	G6P ↔ F6P ${\phi }_{\text{G}6\text{P}\leftrightarrow \text{F}6\text{P}}=\left[\frac{V_{\text{f},\text{G}6\text{P}\leftrightarrow \text{F}6\text{P}}\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}-V_{\text{b},\text{G}6\text{P}\leftrightarrow \text{F}6\text{P}}\frac{C_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}+\frac{C_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}}\right]$
3. Glycolysis III	F6P + ATP → 2GAP1 + ADP ${\phi }_{\text{F}6\text{P}\to \text{GAP}1}=V_{\text{F}6\text{P}\to \text{GAP}1}\left[\frac{{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}{{\left[{\mu }_{\text{F}6\text{P}\to \text{GAP}1}^{-}\right]}^2+{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{F}6\text{P}\to \text{GAP}1}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{F}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{F}6\text{P}\to \text{GAP}1}}}\right]$
4. Glycolysis IV	GAP1 + Pi + NAD+ + 2ADP → PYR + NADH + 2ATP ${\phi }_{\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}=V_{\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}{\left[{\nu }_{\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}{{\left[{\mu }_{\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}^{-}\right]}^2+{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{GAP}1}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{GAP}1}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GAP}1\to \text{PYR}}}}\right]$
5. Pyruvate reduction	PYR + NADH ↔ LAC + NAD+ ${\phi }_{\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}=\left[\frac{V_{\text{f},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}}-V_{\text{b},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}\frac{C_{\text{LAC}}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}}+\frac{C_{\text{LAC}}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{PYR}\leftrightarrow \text{LAC}}}}\right]$
6. Glycogen synthesis	G6P + ATP → GLY + ADP + 2Pi ${\phi }_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{GLY}}=V_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{GLY}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{GLY}}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{GLY}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{GLY}}}}\right]$
7. Glycogen phosphorylation	GLY + Pi → G6P ${\phi }_{\text{GLY}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}=V_{\text{GLY}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}\left[\frac{{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}{{\left[{\mu }_{\text{GLY}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}^{-}\right]}^2+{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}^2}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{GLY}}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLY}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{GLY}}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLY}\to \text{G}6\text{P}}}}\right]$
8. Pentose phosphate shunt I	G6P + 2NADP+ → R5P + 2NADPH + CO2 ${\phi }_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{R}5\text{P}}=V_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{R}5\text{P}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{NADP}+}}{C_{\text{NADPH}}}}{\left[{\eta }_{\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{R}5\text{P}}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADP}+}}{C_{\text{NADPH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{R}5\text{P}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}6\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}6\text{P}\to \text{R}5\text{P}}}}\right]$
9. Pentose phosphate shunt II	3R5P → 2F6P + GAP1 ${\phi }_{\text{R}5\text{P}\to \text{F}6\text{P}-\text{GAP}1}=V_{\text{R}5\text{P}\to \text{F}6\text{P}-\text{GAP}1}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{R}5\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{R}5\text{P}\to \text{F}6\text{P}-\text{GAP}1}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{R}5\text{P}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{R}5\text{P}\to \text{F}6\text{P}-\text{GAP}1}}}\right]$
10. GAP reduction I	GAP1 + NADH ↔ G3P1 + NAD+ ${\phi }_{\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}=\left[\frac{V_{\text{f},\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}\frac{C_{\text{GAP}1}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}}-V_{\text{b},\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}1}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{GAP}\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{GAP}1}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}}+\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}1}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{GAP}1\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}1}}}\right]$
11. Glyceroneogenesis	PYR + 3ATP + NADH → GAP2 + 3ADP + NAD+ + 2Pi ${\phi }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}=V_{\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADH}}}{C_{\text{NAD}+}}\right]}{{\nu }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}^{+}+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADH}}}{C_{\text{NAD}+}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{GAP}2}}}\right]$
12. GAP reduction II	GAP2 + NADH ↔ G3P2 + NAD+ ${\phi }_{\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}=\left[\frac{V_{\text{f},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}\frac{C_{\text{GAP}2}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}}-V_{\text{b},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}2}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{GAP}2}{C}_{\text{NADH}}}{K_{\text{f},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}}+\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}2}{C}_{\text{NAD}}}{K_{\text{b},\text{GAP}2\leftrightarrow \text{G}3\text{P}2}}}\right]$
13. Glycerol phosphorylation	GLR + ATP → G3P2 + ADP ${\phi }_{\text{GLR}\to \text{G}3\text{P}2}=V_{\text{GLR}\to \text{G}3\text{P}2}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{GLR}\to \text{G}3\text{P}2}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{GLR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLR}\to \text{G}3\text{P}2}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{GLR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{GLR}\to \text{G}3\text{P}2}}}\right]$
14. Alanine utilization	ALA → PYR ${\phi }_{\text{ALA}\to \text{PYR}}=V_{\text{ALA}\to \text{PYR}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{ALA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ALA}\to \text{PYR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{ALA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ALA}\to \text{PYR}}}}\right]$ Alanine represents the amino acid pool.
15. Alanine formation	PYR → ALA ${\phi }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{ALA}}=V_{\text{PYR}\to \text{ALA}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{ALA}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{ALA}}}}\right]$
16. Proteolysis	Proteins → ALA ${\phi }_{\text{Proteolysis}}=V_{\text{Proteolysis}}$
17. Protein synthesis	ALA → Proteins ${\phi }_{\text{ProteinSynthesis}}=V_{\text{ProteinSynthesis}}$
18. Pyruvate oxidation	PYR + CoA + NAD+ → ACoA + NADH + CO2 ${\phi }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}=V_{\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}{\left[{\nu }_{\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}}{K_{\text{i},\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}}+\frac{C_{\text{PYR}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{PYR}\to \text{ACoA}}}}\right]$
19. Fatty Acyl CoA synthesis	FFA + CoA + 2ATP → FAC + 2 ADP +2 Pi ${\phi }_{\text{FFA}\to \text{FAC}}=V_{\text{FFA}\to \text{FAC}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{FFA}\to \text{FAC}}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{FFA}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{FFA}\to \text{FAC}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{FFA}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{FFA}\to \text{FAC}}}}\right]$
20. Fatty acid oxidation	FAC + 7CoA + 14NAD+ → 8ACoA + 14NADH ${\phi }_{\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}=V_{\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}+}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}{\left[{\nu }_{\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}+}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{FAC}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}}{K_{\text{i},\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}}+\frac{C_{\text{FAC}}{C}_{\text{CoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{FAC}\to \text{ACoA}}}}\right]$
21. TG breakdown by ATGL	TG → DG + FFA ${\phi }_{\text{TG}\to \text{DG}}=V_{\text{TG}\to \text{DG},\text{ATGL}}$
22. TG breakdown by HSL	TG → DG + FFA ${\phi }_{\text{TG}\to \text{DG}}=V_{\text{TG}\to \text{DG},\text{HSL}}$
23. DG breakdown by HSL	DG → MG + FFA ${\phi }_{\text{DG}\to \text{MG}}=V_{\text{DG}\to \text{MG},\text{HSL}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}\to \text{MG}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}\to \text{MG}}}}\right]$
24. MG breakdown by HSL	MG → GLR + FFA ${\phi }_{\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}=V_{\text{MG}\to \text{GLR},\text{HSL}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}}}\right]$
25. MG breakdown by MGL	MG → GLR + FFA ${\phi }_{\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}=V_{\text{MG}\to \text{GLR},\text{MGL}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}\to \text{GLR}}}}\right]$
26. Lipogenesis	8ACoA + 14NADPH + 7ATP → FFA + 8CoA + 14NADP + 7ADP + 7Pi ${\phi }_{\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}=V_{\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{C_{\text{ADP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADPH}}}{C_{\text{NADP}+}}\right]}{\left[{\eta }_{\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADPH}}}{C_{\text{NADP}+}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ACoA}\to \text{FFA}}}}\right]$
27. DG synthesis I	G3P1 + 2FAC → DG + 2CoA + Pi ${\phi }_{\text{G}3\text{P}1-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}=V_{\text{G}3\text{P}1-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}1}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}3\text{P}1-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}1}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}3\text{P}1-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}}}\right]$
28. DG synthesis II	G3P2 + 2FAC → DG + 2CoA + Pi ${\phi }_{\text{G}3\text{P}2-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}=V_{\text{G}3\text{P}2-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}2}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}3\text{P}2-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{G}3\text{P}2}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{G}3\text{P}2-\text{FAC}\to \text{DG}}}}\right]$
29. TG synthesis	DG + FAC → TG + CoA ${\phi }_{\text{DG}-\text{FAC}\to \text{TG}}=V_{\text{DG}-\text{FAC}\to \text{TG}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{DG}}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}-\text{FAC}\to \text{TG}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{DG}}{C}_{\text{FAC}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}-\text{FAC}\to \text{TG}}}}\right]$
30. Transacylation I	DG + DG → TG + MG ${\phi }_{\text{DG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{MG}}=V_{\text{DG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{MG}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{MG}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{DG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{MG}}}}\right]$
31. Transacylation II	MG + MG → DG + GLR ${\phi }_{\text{MG}-\text{MG}\to \text{DG}-\text{GLR}}=V_{\text{MG}-\text{MG}\to \text{DG}-\text{GLR}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}-\text{MG}\to \text{DG}-\text{GLR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{MG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}-\text{MG}\to \text{DG}-\text{GLR}}}}\right]$
32. Transacylation III	MG + DG → TG + GLR ${\phi }_{\text{MG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{GLR}}=V_{\text{MG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{GLR}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{MG}}{C}_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}-\text{DG}-\text{TG}-\text{GLR}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{MG}}{C}_{\text{DG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{MG}-\text{DG}\to \text{TG}-\text{GLR}}}}\right]$
33. TCA cycle	ACoA + ADP + Pi + 4NAD+ → 2CO2 + CoA + ATP + 4NADH ${\phi }_{\text{ACoA}\leftrightarrow {\text{CO}}_2}=V_{\text{ACoA}\leftrightarrow {\text{CO}}_2}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}+}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}{\left[{\nu }_{\text{ACoA}\to {\text{CO}}_2}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}+}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{\text{ACoA}\to {\text{CO}}_2}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ACoA}\to {\text{CO}}_2}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{ACoA}}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ACoA}\to {\text{CO}}_2}}}\right]$
34. Oxidative phosphorylation	O2 + 6ADP + 6Pi + 2NADH → 2H2O + 6ATP + 2NAD+ ${\phi }_{{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}=V_{{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{NADH}}}{C_{\text{NAD}+}}\right]}{\left[{\nu }_{{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}^{+}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{NAD}+}}{C_{\text{NADH}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}{\left[{\mu }_{{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}^{-}\right]+\left[\frac{C_{\text{ADP}}}{C_{\text{ATP}}}\right]}\right]\left[\frac{\frac{C_{{\text{O}}_2}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}}}{1+\frac{C_{{\text{O}}_2}{C}_{\text{Pi}}}{K_{\text{m},{\text{O}}_2\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}}}}\right]$
35. ATP hydrolysis	ATP → ADP + Pi ${\phi }_{\text{ATP}\to \text{ADP}}=V_{\text{ATP}\to \text{ADP}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{K_{\text{ATP}\to \text{ADP}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{Pi}}{C}_{\text{ADP}}}{K_{\text{i},\text{ATP}\to \text{ADP}}}+\frac{C_{\text{ATP}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{ATP}\to \text{ADP}}}}\right]$
36. TG breakdown by LPL	TG → GLR + 3FFA ${\phi }_{\text{TG}\to \text{FFA},\text{LPL}}=V_{\text{TG}\to \text{FFA},\text{LPL}}\left[\frac{\frac{C_{\text{TG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{TG}\to \text{FFA},\text{LPL}}}}{1+\frac{C_{\text{TG}}}{K_{\text{m},\text{TG}\to \text{FFA},\text{LPL}}}}\right]$ This is the only reaction in the blood compartment which is governed by LPL. Rate coefficient is activated by adipose blood flow.