Table 2.

Main prevalence studies conducted using the PCR method

Population type (n° males examined)	Country	Prevalence of positive HPV DNA (PCR test)	Prevalence of positive HPV DNA tests (high-risk genotypes)
Population (290)	USA	30.0%;	16.6%;
Giuliano et al., 2007 [7]
Military recruits (285)	Finland	16.5%;	- -
Hippelainen et al., 1993 [8]
University students (317)	USA	32.8%;	14.5%;
Weaver et al., 2004 [9]
Students and industrial workers (114)	Mexico	36.0%;	16.7%;
Lazcano-Ponce et al., 2001 [10]
Military recruits (337)	Denmark	33.8%;	- -
Kjaier et al., 2005 [11]
Military men (1030)	Mexico	44.6%;	34.8
Lajous et al., 2005 [12]
University students (381)	South Korea	8.7%;	4.2%;
Shin et al., 2004 [13]
Subjects attending STD clinics (235)	Sweden	13.2%;	8.1%;
Wikstrom et al., 2000 [14]
Subjects attending STD clinics (198)	Denmark	44.9%;	- -
Svare et al., 2002 [15]
Subjects attending STD clinics (393)	US	28.2%;	12.0%;
Baldwin et al., 2003 [16]
Subjects attending STD clinics (85)	Netherland	28.2%;	- -
Van Doornum et al., 1994 [17]
Subjects attending STD clinics (204)	Japan	5.9%;	5.9%;
Takahashi et al., 2005 [18]
Males with female partner affected by CIN (119)	Netherland	59.0%;	55.4%;
Bleeker et al., 2002 [19]
Husbands of women recruited in case–control studies on carcinoma of the cervix (1143)	Thailand, Philippines, Brazil, Columbia, Spain	16.0%;	- -
Franceschi et al., 2002 [20]
Males with female partner affected by CIN (181)	Netherland	72.9%;	58.6%;
Bleeker et al., 2005 [21]
Males with female partner affected by CIN (77)	Finland	9.1%;	- -
Hippelainen et al., 1994 [22]
Males with female partner affected by HPV (50)	Brazil	70.0%;	- -
Nicolau et al., 2005 [23]
Males through 18–70 years from one of the three sampling sites (1,160)	Brazil	65.2%;	12.0%; oncogenic types only
Giuliano et al., 2008 [6]	Mexico
	USA

PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction, CIN Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.