Table 2.
Risk factors for peripheral malaria during pregnancy, parasitaemia and placental malaria (multivariate analysis)
| Peripheral malaria (rate ratio) | Parasitaemia (log) | Placental malaria (Odds ratio) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal agea |
0.97 (0.94 - 0.98) |
−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) |
0.90 (0.80 - 1.02) |
|
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
| Primary level |
0.76 (0.56 - 1.04) |
−0.10 (−0.40 to 0.20) |
1.01 (0.17 - 5.81) |
|
| ≥ secondary level |
0.50 (0.35 - 0.72) |
−0.22 (−0.57 to 0.12) |
2.05 (0.33 - 12.64) |
|
| Rural residence |
1.97 (1.54 - 2.52) |
0.04 (−0.18 to 0.27) |
6.00 (1.29 - 28.02) |
|
| Primigravidae |
1.31 (1.02 - 1.69) |
0.08 (−0.17 0.33) |
1.00 (0.33 – 3.00) |
|
| Use of bednet |
0.71 (0.56 - 0.90) |
−0.08 (−0.30 to 0.14) |
0.91 (0.30 - 2.77) |
|
| Gestational age at inclusionb |
1.05 (1.03 - 1.07) |
0.02 (0.00 to 0.04) |
1.14 (1.05 - 1.24) |
|
| HIV status |
0.92 (0.62 - 1.38) |
0.42 (0.04 to 0.79) |
2.68 (0.61 - 11.74) |
|
| # IPT doses |
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
0.25 (0.17 – 0.35) |
‐‐ |
‐‐ |
|
| 2 |
0.10 (0.06 – 0.18) |
‐‐ |
0.92 (0.22 – 3.76) |
|
| # malaria episodes |
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
‐‐‐ |
‐‐‐ |
3.30 (0.69 -15.88) |
|
| ≥2 | ‐‐‐ | 0.47 (0.19 to 0.74) | 15.80 (2.77 - 90.27) | |
a.By 10 years; b. by week; IPT: intermittent preventive treatment.