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. 2012 Aug 17;2:241–245. doi: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.08.004

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© 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig. 1 — Effect of 48 h of chloroquine treatment on tryptophan (A) and kynurenine (B) concentrations, on IDO activity expressed as kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) (C) and on neopterin production (D) in unstimulated (white bars) and PHA-stimulated PBMC (black bars), expressed as % of baseline (control cells treated with or without PHA, respectively). Results shown are the mean values ± SEM of three independent experiments run in duplicates (*p < 0.05, compared to cells without added chloroquine).