Table 1.
Sample characteristics of intent-to-treat (ITT) participants at baseline
| CR (n = 26) | TAU (n = 27) | Difference (F/χ2) | First-episode depression (n = 20) | First-episode psychosis (n = 33) | Difference (F/χ2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | ||||||
| Male: Female | 12:14 | 16:11 | n.s. | 8:12 | 20:13 | n.s. |
| First-episode depression | 10 (38.5) | 10 (37.0) | n.s. | – | – | – |
| First-episode psychosis | 16 (61.5) | 17 (63.0) | n.s. | – | – | – |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 22.88 ± 4.0 | 22.74 ± 4.7 | n.s. | 22.00 ± 4.9 | 23.30 ± 3.9 | n.s. |
| Age of onset (years) | 19.00 ± 3.9 | 18.08 ± 4.7 | n.s. | 16.41 ± 2.9 | 19.66 ± 4.5 | 7.08* |
| Years of education | 12.46 ± 1.8 | 12.63 ± 2.3 | n.s. | 12.45 ± 1.7 | 12.61 ± 2.3 | n.s. |
| Predicted IQ a | 100.85 ± 9.4 | 104.31 ± 7.0 | n.s. | 106.10 ± 7.1 | 100.38 ± 8.5 | 6.33* |
| General knowledge (z score) b | 0.58 ± 1.0 | 0.81 ± 0.8 | n.s. | 0.93 ± 0.9 | 0.56 ± 0.9 | n.s. |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| HAMD-17 | 10.65 ± 6.4 | 8.59 ± 6.6 | n.s. | 12.70 ± 7.5 | 7.73 ± 5.1 | 8.23** |
| BPRS-E | 37.35 ± 7.6 | 35.70 ± 10.4 | n.s. | 35.55 ± 7.6 | 37.09 ± 9.9 | n.s. |
| SFS-Total | 106.89 ± 7.6 | 108.71 ± 6.9 | n.s. | 108.69 ± 5.4 | 107.29 ± 8.2 | n.s. |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Medications | 22 (84.6) | 22 (81.5) | n.s. | 12 (60.0) | 32 (97.0) | 12.07*** |
| Antidepressants | 10 (38.5) | 10 (37.0) | n.s. | 9 (45.0) | 11 (33.3) | n.s. |
| Antipsychotics | 15 (57.7) | 17 (63.0) | n.s. | 3 (15.0) | 29 (87.9) | 27.65*** |
| Haloperidol dose equivalence (mg) c | 3.28 ± 3.1 | 4.18 ± 3.1 | n.s. | 0.83 ± 1.2 | 4.46 ± 3.0 | 11.04** |
| Benztropine dose equivalence (mg) d | 4.35 ± 14.6 | 4.50 ± 15.4 | n.s. | 0.07 ± 0.1 | 6.19 ± 17.4 | n.s. |
CR, Cognitive remediation; TAU, treatment as usual; HAMD-17, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; BPRS-E, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded; SFS, Social Functioning Scale; n.s., not significant.
Values given as n (%) or mean ± s.d.
a
Wechsler (2001) .
b
Information subtest (Wechsler, 1997a).
c
Based on conversion table in Kane et al. (2003) .
d
Based on conversion table in Minzenberg et al. (2004) .
*p ⩽ 0.05, **p ⩽ 0.01, ***p ⩽ 0.001.