Table 1.
Demographics and Measurement Scales by TBI Diagnostic Status.
| Variable | TBI | Non-TBI | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) or % | n | Mean (SD) or % | ||
| Age (s.d.) | 40 | 31.8 (7.6) | 26 | 33.2 (9.1) | = .489 |
| Male | 41 | 95.1% | 26 | 61.5% | = .001** |
| Race | 41 | 26 | = .824 | ||
| African-American | 12 | 29.3% | 6 | 23.1% | |
| Caucasian | 28 | 68.3% | 18 | 69.2% | |
| Other | 1 | 2.4% | 2 | 7.7% | |
| Ethnicity | 41 | 26 | = .435 | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 30 | 73.2% | 17 | 64.0% | |
| Hispanic | 11 | 26.8% | 9 | 36.0% | |
| Marital Status | 40 | 26 | = .094 | ||
| Single | 10 | 25.0% | 11 | 42.3% | |
| Married | 16 | 40.0% | 10 | 38.5% | |
| Other | 14 | 35.0% | 5 | 19.2% | |
| Years Education (s.d.) | 41 | 14.0 (2.0) | 26 | 14.3 (1.9) | = .521 |
| Military Branch | 41 | 26 | = .152 | ||
| Army | 27 | 65.9% | 11 | 44.0% | |
| Navy | 5 | 12.2% | 7 | 28.0% | |
| Air Force | 2 | 4.9% | 2 | 8.0% | |
| Marines | 6 | 14.6% | 4 | 16.0% | |
| Other/Multiple | 1 | 2.4% | 1 | 4.0% | |
| 5-HTTLPR Genotype | 41 | 26 | = .317 | ||
| L′L′ | 14 | 34.1% | 8 | 30.8% | |
| L′S′ | 21 | 51.2% | 10 | 38.5% | |
| S′S′ | 6 | 14.6% | 8 | 30.8% | |
| # Deployments (s.d.) | 40 | 1.8 (1.0) | 26 | 1.8 (1.1) | = .976 |
| # Days since TBI (s.d.) | 40 | 1557.2 (729.4) | 0 | - | - |
| # Blast Exposures (s.d.) | 40 | 5.5 (10.1) | 24 | - | = .011* |
| Loss Of Consciousness | 36 | 0 | - | ||
| < 30 minutes | 35 | 97.2% | - | - | |
| 30 min to 24 hours | 1 | 2.8% | - | - | |
| > 24 hours | 0 | 0.0% | - | - | |
| PostTraumatic Amnesia | 39 | 0 | - | ||
| < 1 hour | 26 | 66.7% | - | - | |
| 1 to 24 hours | 8 | 20.5% | - | - | |
| > 24 hours | 5 | 12.8% | - | - | |
| CDRISCa Total Score | 41 | 60.6 (24.3) | 26 | 77.7 (18.8) | = .003** |
| CRIS–PLb | 41 | 4.9 (1.0) | 26 | 5.7 (0.9) | = .001** |
| PCL-Cc Total Score | 41 | 54.6 (16.4) | 26 | 28.6 (11.1) | < .001** |
| CES-Dd Total Score | 41 | 26.6 (15.4) | 26 | 13.9 (11.0) | = .001** |
| NBSIe Total Score | 41 | 39.7 (19.3) | 26 | 15.1 (13.5) | < .001** |
*
:p ≤ .05, but not meeting Bonferroni Correction at p ≤ .008
**
Meeting Bonferroni Correction at p ≤ .008
a
CDRISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Higher scores represent higher resilience.
b
CRIS-PL: Community Reintegration of Service Members Instrument – Perceived Limitations Scale. Higher scores represent fewer perceived limitations.
c
PCL-C: Post-Traumatic Symptom Inventory – Civilian. Higher scores represent more PTSD symptoms.
d
CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression. Higher scores represent more depressive symptoms.
e
NBSI: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. Higher scores represent more post-concussive/TBI symptoms.