Figure 4.

Relationship between neural pattern similarity and subsequent memory. A, Perirhinal cortex within-category similarity scores were higher for remembered than forgotten items; this brain–behavior relationship significantly differed from that in hippocampus. The relationship between within-category similarity scores and subsequent memory in parahippocampal cortex did not significantly differ from that in perirhinal cortex or in hippocampus. Error bars are the SE of the difference in remembered and forgotten similarity scores within a region. B, Within perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex, items with the highest within-category similarity scores (upper tercile) were better remembered than items with the lowest within-category similarity scores (lower tercile); this brain–behavior relationship significantly differed from that in hippocampus. Error bars are the SE of the difference in lower and upper tercile proportion remembered within a region. C, Logistic regression revealed that perirhinal cortex within-category similarity score positively predicted subsequent memory, whereas hippocampal within-category similarity score negatively predicted subsequent memory. A separate logistic regression revealed that parahippocampal cortex within-category similarity score positively predicted subsequent memory, whereas hippocampal within-category similarity score negatively predicted subsequent memory. Shaded areas are SE of the slope estimates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005.