Table 6.

Cost-benefit analyses of vaccination programs in the general population

First author [Reference]	Golden [[32]]	Kommu [[33]]	Irons [[34]]
Country	Israel	Barbados	Caribbean
Year	1984	1998	2000
WB income group	High	High	Upper-middle
Comparators	1. Vaccinate all 1 - 12-yr-olds	1. Rubella elimination initiative	1. Initiative to interrupt rubella transmission
	2. Vaccinate pubertal girls	2. None	2. None
	3. Vaccinate adult females
Perspective	Societal*	Payer*	Payer*
Cost components measured	Laboratory tests; abortions; primary care; institutional care; lost work days;	NR	NR
Method of cost estimation	Micro-costing	NR	NR
Method of benefits estimation	Averted costs	NR	NR
Time period for costs and benefits	10 years	15 years	20 years
Discounting (Rate)	Yes (10%)	NR	NR
Results—Benefit-cost ratio	1. 1	1. 4.7	1. 13.3
	2. 2	2. –	2. –
	3. Negative
Stated conclusion	Vaccination of children and pubertal girls is preferable	The rubella elimination program using MMR was cost-beneficial	The rubella elimination program using MMR was cost-beneficial
Sponsor	NR	NR	NR

*Not explicitly reported but inferred.

WB, World Bank; NR, Not Reported; NA, Not Applicable; OP, Out Patient; CDC, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; LCDC, Canada Laboratory Center for Disease Control.