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. 2013 Apr 22;14:92. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-92

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics stratified by CKD stages (n = 1157)

 
 Stage 1
 Stage 2
 Stage 3a
 Stage 3b
 Stage 4
 Stage 5
  (n = 44) (n = 102) (n =96) (n = 195) (n = 389) (n = 331)
Age, years
 55.6 ± 13.5*
 59.5 ± 14.1*
 65.8 ± 13.8*
 68.2 ± 12.9*
 69.3 ± 12.8*
 67.4 ± 12.3
Male, No. (%)
 11 (25%)
 57 (55.9%)
 68 (70.8%)
 135 (69.2%)
 216 (55.5%)
 156 (47.1%)
Diabetes, No. (%)
 17 (38.6%)
 25 (24.5%)
 27 (28.1%)
 86 (44.1%)
 212 (54.6%)
 193 (58.3%)
Hypertension, No. (%)
 23 (52.3%)
 44 (43.1%)
 66 (68.8%)
 149 (76.4%)
 312 (80.4%)
 272 (82.2%)
Primary cause
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Diabetes, No. (%)
 16 (36.4%)
 18 (17.8%)
 29 (29.2%)
 77 (39.6%)
 193 (49.6%)
 175 (52.9%)
  Hypertension, No. (%)
 4 (9.1%)
 14 (13.9%)
 14 (14.6%)
 12 (6%)
 27 (6.9%)
 8 (2.4%)
  CGN, No. (%)
 3 (6.8%)
 4 (4%)
 2 (2.2%)
 17 (8.8%)
 46 (11.7%)
 64 (19.2%)
  Gout, No. (%)
 2 (4.5%)
 21 (20.8%)
 23 (22.5%)
 37 (18.7%)
 48 (12.3%)
 17 (5.1%)
  Obstructive uropathy, No. (%)
 0 (0%)
 0 (0%)
 0 (0%)
 3 (1.6%)
 5 (1.4%)
 12 (3.7%)
  ADPKD, No. (%)
 1 (2.3%)
 1 (1%)
 0 (0%)
 5 (2.7%)
 7 (1.7%)
 3 (1%)
  Unknown/other, No. (%)
 18 (40.9%)
 43 (42.6%)
 30 (31.5%)
 43 (22.5%)
 63 (16.3%)
 52 (15.8%)
Body mass index, kg/m2
 27.1 ± 5.9*
 25.5 ± 3.6*
 26.0 ± 4.8*
 25.7 ± 3.6*
 25.8 ± 4.1 *
 24.8 ± 4.0
Systolic BP, mmHg
 131 ± 18
 131 ± 17
 135 ± 16
 134 ± 18
 137 ± 20
 140 ± 21
Diastolic BP, mmHg
 75 ± 9
 75 ± 9
 77 ± 10
 73 ± 11
 71 ± 11
 72 ± 10
Laboratory
  
  
  
  
  
  
  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 (MDRD)
 112.8 ± 30.8*
 72.6 ± 8.4*
 51.8 ± 4.2*
 36.2 ± 3.8*
 22.1 ± 4.1*
 9.4 ± 3.2
  eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 (EPI)
 115.2 ± 32.4*
 76.8 ± 10.2*
 62.5 ± 11.9*
 41.7 ± 8.5*
 23.4 ± 6.9*
 9.7 ± 4.0
  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 (CG)
 119 ± 35.8*
 81.2 ± 18.7*
 65.5 ± 41.3*
 26.7 ± 8.7*
 12.3 ± 4.3*
 12.2 ± 4.3*
  BUN, mg/dL
 14 ± 5*
 15 ± 5*
 19 ± 7*
 25 ± 10*
 28 ± 15*
 67 ± 29
  Serum creatinine, mg/dL
 0.6 ± 0.1*
 0.9 ± 0.1*
 1.1 ± 0.1*
 1.5 ± 0.1*
 2.4 ± 0.4*
 5.5 ± 2.2
  Hemoglobin, g/dL
 13.7 ± 1.6*
 14.1 ± 1.7*
 13.9 ± 1.9*
 12.7 ± 2.1*
 11.3 ± 2.0*
 9.6 ± 1.6
  Serum sodium, mEq/L
 140 ± 2.4
 141 ± 2.1
 141 ± 2.6
 139 ± 3.4
 138 ± 7.7
 137 ± 10
  Serum potassium, mEq/L
 4.1 ± 0.4*
 4.2 ± 0.6*
 4.4 ± 0.5*
 4.3 ± 0.6*
 4.5 ± 0.6*
 4.7 ± 0.8
  Serum calcium, mg/dL
 9.3 ± 0.4
 9.3 ± 0.3
 9.4 ± 0.5
 9.3 ± 0.5
 9.2 ± 0.6
 8.6 ± 0.7
  Serum phosphate, mg/dL
 4.1 ± 1
 4.4 ± 0.9
 4.4 ± 1.6
 4.7 ± 1.7
 4.7 ± 1.7
 4.9 ± 1.3
  Serum chloride, mEq/L
 104 ± 3
 103 ± 9
 104 ± 3
 104 ± 9
 105 ± 8
 103 ± 17
  Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L
 26.6 ± 2.1*
 27.2 ± 2.9*
 27.5 ± 2.4*
 26.4 ± 2.9*
 24.6 ± 3.4*
 20.8 ± 4.5
  Serum uric acid, mg/dL
 4.8 ± 1.4*
 4.9 ± 1.6*
 5.5 ± 2.4*
 6.7 ± 2.3*
 7.7 ± 2.0*
 7.8 ± 1.9
  Serum albumin, g/dL
 4.2 ± 0.4*
 4.2 ± 0.3*
 4.1 ± 0.4*
 3.9 ± 0.6*
 3.7 ± 0.6*
 3.5 ± 0.6
  Cholesterol, mg/dL
 213 ± 53*
 206 ± 41*
 199 ± 44*
 199 ± 45*
 195 ± 47*
 191 ± 53
  iPTH, pmol/L
 43.2 (13.1, 87.3)*
 48.4 (13.8, 135)*
 53.2 (3.9, 169)*
 52.9 (1, 158)*
 98.3 (4, 400)*
 196 (23.5, 1632)
  hs-CRP, mg/L
 1.5 (0.2, 21.3)*
 1.0 (0.2, 56.4)*
 1.66 (0.2, 16.2)*
 2.0 (0.2, 119.1)*
 2.6 (0.2, 63.3)*
 3.5(0.2, 187)
  Microalbuminuria, mg/day
 225 ± 46*
 291 ± 25*
 391 ± 12*
 949 ± 21*
 739 ± 10*
 780 ± 61
Cardiovascular disease, No. (%)
 2 (4.5%)
 6 (5.9%)
 9 (9.4%)
 43 (22.1%)
 87 (22.4%)
 78 (23.6%)
Use of ACEI/ARB, No. (%) 3 (6.8%) 6 (5.9%) 11 (11.2%) 82 (42.3%) 226 (58.2%) 219 (66.3%)

The values are expressed as means (SD) or median (Min, Max). CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; ADPKD; autosomal dominant.

polycystic disease; BP; blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; EPI, CKD epidemiology.

Collaboration; CG, Cockcroft-Gault; BUN; blood urea nitrogen; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;

ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; *p < 0.05 vs. stage V.