Table 3. Associations of Child PON1 and Genetic Ancestry with Obesity Parameters at Ages 2 and 5.

	Age 2				Age 5
	N	β or OR(95% CI)	p-valued	r2	N	β or OR(95% CI)	p-value	r2
BMI Z-score
ARYase	243	0.19(0.04,0.33)	0.011	<0.005	215	0.05(−0.10,0.21)	0.517	0.01
PON1192 a		0.17(−0.03,0.38)	0.102			0.10(−0.11,0.32)	0.345
% European Ancestry		0.13(−0.96,1.21)	0.815			−0.17(−1.36,1.02)	0.781
% African Ancestryb		0.16(−0.10,0.41)	0.223			0.18(−0.11,0.47)	0.225
Waist Circumference
ARYase					215	2.00(0.05,3.94)	0.044	0.04
PON1192						4.75(−0.57,10.08)	0.080
ARYase × PON1192						−1.03(−2.38,0.32)	0.135
% European Ancestry						−1.46(−8.96,6.05)	0.702
% African Ancestry						1.03(−0.79,2.85)	0.266
Obesity Statusc
ARYase	243	1.58(1.07,2.34)	0.021		215	1.75(0.88,3.52)	0.113
PON1192		1.91(1.09,3.34)	0.024			5.16(0.80,33.11)	0.084
ARYase × PON1192						0.69(0.44,1.11)	0.125
% European Ancestry		0.18(0.01,3.32)	0.250			0.71(0.07,7.24)	0.770
% African Ancestry		1.57(0.78,3.14)	0.203			1.10(0.62,1.96)	0.735

^aPON1₁₉₂ coded as number of Q alleles, 0, 1 or 2.

^bProportional African ancestry was log transformed to normalize the distribution.

^cChildren were considered obese if their BMI was at or above 95^th percentile of the 2000 CDC sex-specific BMI-for-age growth charts.

^dUsing a Bonferonni correction for multiple testing (5 tests per model), we considered p-values less than 0.01 to be statistically significant.