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. 2013 May 3;8(5):e61944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061944

Figure 5. Berberine inhibits the activation of HIF-1α, but not NF-κB.

Figure 5

A. Caco-2 monolayers were stained for NF-κB p65 by immunofluorescence. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Treatment of Caco-2 monolayers with IFN-γ and TNF-α for 15 or 30 min dramatically induced NF-κB p65 accumulation within the nuclei. Berberine had no obvious effect on IFN-γ and TNF-α-elicited nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65. Data are representative of three independent experiments. The green stands for NF-κB p65. The blue stands for nuclei. Scale bar = 10 µm. B. Treatment of Caco-2 monolayers with IFN-γ and TNF-α for 15 or 30 min increased nuclear NF-κB p65 significantly, whereas berberine treatment did not significantly change IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced increase of nuclear NF-κB p65. *p<0.05, compared with control (0 min). Data are representative of three similar experiments. C. Caco-2 monolayers were treated as described in Fig. 1A. Berberine treatment significantly inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced increase of HIF-1α protein. *p<0.05, compared with control, #p<0.05, compared with IFN-γ/TNF-α. Data are representative of five similar experiments.