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. 2013 Apr 9;4:1682. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2673

Figure 1. DRG Epac1 expression is increased in and required for L5 spinal nerve transaction-induced allodynia.

Figure 1

(a) The sensitivity to mechanical stimulation was determined in sham-operated mice (n=5), naive controls (n=10) or mice subjected to unilateral L5 SNT 4 weeks after surgery (n=10). Line with error bars represent mean±s.e.m. (b) Epac1 or (c) Epac2 mRNA levels in DRGs innervating the contralateral (contra) or ipsilateral (ipsi) side of sham-operated, naive controls and L5 SNL mice 4 weeks after surgery. Epac1/2 mRNA expression levels were corrected for GAPDH and β-actin mRNA expression levels. (d) Epac1 protein expression levels in ipsilateral (affected) and contralateral (unaffected) DRGs of mice subjected to unilateral L5 SNT 4 weeks after surgery. β-Actin and the neuron-specific β3-tubulin was used as loading control. (e) Epac1 protein expression in DRGs of WT (n=6), Epac1+/− (HE, n=4) and Epac1−/− (HO, n=4) mice. (f) The sensitivity to mechanical stimulation was determined in wild-type (n=10), Epac1+/− (n=10) and Epac1−/− (n=13) mice subjected to unilateral L5 SNT. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant genotype effect F(2,30)=25,935, P<0.001. Bonferoni post hoc analysis showed a significant effect between Epac−/− and WT (P<0.001); Epac1−/− and Epac1+/− (P<0.001); and Epac1+/− and WT (P<0.05). All data are expressed as mean±s.e.m. (a–c) Data are analysed by ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. (d) Data are analysed using t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<00.1.