Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Malawian Children Enrolled in the Study by Treatment Group (n = 409)a
| CSB++ (n = 120) | Soy RUSF (n = 148) | Soy/Whey RUSF (n = 141) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) or % | n | Mean (SD) or % | n | Mean (SD) or % | |
| Male | 50 | 41.7 | 50 | 33.8 | 44 | 31.2 |
| Mother not alive | 2 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.4 |
| Mother known to be HIV+ | 10 | 8.3 | 4 | 2.7 | 7 | 5.0 |
| Still breastfeeding | 85 | 70.8 | 100 | 67.6 | 101 | 71.6 |
| Twin | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | 2.7 | 3 | 2.1 |
| Had vomiting in past 2 wk | 29 | 24 | 31 | 20.9 | 36 | 25.5 |
| Had diarrhea in past 2 wk | 51 | 42.5 | 73 | 49.3 | 73 | 51.8 |
| Age, mo | 19.8 (10.6) | 19.2 (11.5) | 18.2 (10.5) | |||
| Weight-for-height z-score | −2.2 (0.4) | −2.2 (0.4) | −2.3 (0.3) | |||
| Height-for-age z-score | −2.8 (1.4) | −2.7 (1.2) | −2.5 (1.3) | |||
| Mid-upper-arm circumference, cm | 12.1 (1.3) | −12.1 (1.3) | −12.1 (0.8) | |||
| Clinical outcome | ||||||
| Recovered from MAM | 108 | 90.0 | 130 | 87.8 | 125 | 88.7 |
| Developed severe acute malnutritionb | 10 | 8.3 | 16 | 10.8 | 12 | 8.5 |
| Remained moderately malnourished after 12 wk | 1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.7 | 3 | 2.1 |
| Default | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Death | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.7 |
| Weight gain, g/kg/dc | 3.0 (3.2) | 2.6 (3.1) | 3.1 (2.9) | |||
| Weight gain over first mo, g/kg/d | 3.5 (2.8) | 3.3 (2.3) | 3.6 (2.5) | |||
| Time to recovery, d | 26 (20) | 23 (15) | 24 (16) | |||
CSB++ indicates a fortified corn-soy blended flour; MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; RUSF, ready-to-use supplementary food.
a
P > .05 for all comparisons;
b
Severe wasting (weight-for-height z-score <−3) or bilateral pitting edema;
c
This data is only reported on children who recovered from MAM.