Purification and AA sequence determination of Hl15-1-1. A) The filtered extract of the telson of Heterometrus laoticus was first separated on a Waters Symmetry C18 column. Fraction 15 (*) was then further separated on a Waters XTerra Phenyl column. Three pure fractions were obtained containing, in order of retention time, Hl15-1-1 (*), Hl15-1-2 and Hl15-1-3. Synthetic Hl15-1-1 was chromatographically analyzed under the same conditions as the venom and found to elute at the same retention time as the native toxin. B) Amino acid sequence of Hl15-1-1 obtained by Edman degradation. The last amino acid was deduced by the mass difference between the calculated mass and the experimental mass. Above the sequence the predicted secondary structure is shown (C = coil, H = helix, S = strand and T = turn). Under the sequence the predicted disulfide bridge pattern is drawn.