Table 1: Articles included in the earthquake systematic literature review related to mortality and injury risk (N=60)*.
* Displacement is excluded from the table because primary data on displacement in earthquake events was collected in only six studies: Daley, 2001; Parasuraman, 1995; Roces, 2002, Chun 2010; Kun 2010; and Milch, 2010. ** Additional articles identified in the hand search conducted through October, 2012.
| Publication | Event(s) | Magnitude | Study Summary | Mortality | Injury |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian, 199213 | Dec 7 1988, Armenia | 6.9 | Case-control study of injuries from the 1988 earthquake in Armenia | NR | x |
| Pointer, 199214 | Oct 17 1989, Loma Prieta, California | 7.1 | Retrospective review of medical records after the Loma Prieta earthquake | x | x |
| Roces, 199215 | July 16 1990, Philippines | 7.7 | Unmatched case-control study of those injured/dead from earthquake vs. those uninjured in same neighborhood | x | x |
| Bissell, 199416 | Apr 22 1991,Limon, Costa Rica | 7.4 | Assessment of medical aspects of the disaster response following the 1991 Costa Rica Earthquake | x | x |
| Pretto et al., 199417 | Apr 22 1991,Limon, Costa Rica | 7.4 | Retrospective structured interview to investigate risk injury factors and causes and circumstances of prehospital death after the Costa Rica earthquake in 1991 | x | NR |
| Eberhart-Phillips, 199418 | Oct 17 1989, Loma Prieta, California | 7.1 | Medical record review for all investigated deaths from 7 CA counties for 15 days after the Loma Prieta Earthquake | x | NR |
| Parasuraman, 199519 | Sep 30 1993, Maharashtra India | 6.4 | Quantitative survey assessment of the loss of life and damage to property from the Latur-Osmanabad earthquake in India | x | x |
| Tanida, 199620 | Jan 17 1995,Kobe, Japan | 7.2 | Analysis of mortality from the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake focused on the elderly | x | NR |
| Teeter, 199621 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge California | 6.8 | Evaluation of illnesses and injuries in the aftermath of the Northridge earthquake | NR | x |
| Angus, 1997 22 | Mar 13 1992, Ercinzan, Turkey | 6.8 | Retrospective medical record review of mortality and its relationship to building collapse patterns and initial medical response following the earthquake | x | x |
| Armenian, 199723 | Dec 7 1988, Armenia | 6.9 | Cohort study of injuries and deaths caused by the Armenian earthquake | x | x |
| Kloner, 199724 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge, California | 6.8 | Population-based analysis of the effect of the Northridge Earthquake on Cardiac Death in Los Angeles County, California | x | NR |
| Kuwagata,199725 | Jan 17 1995,Kobe, Japan | 7.2 | Medical record review of final outcome of patients who suffered trauma in the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake | x | x |
| Peek-Asa, 199826 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge California | 6.8 | Description of fatalities and hospitalized injuries and risk factors from the Northridge earthquake | x | x |
| Salinas, 199827 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge, California | 6.8 | Comparison of emergency department admissions before and after the Northridge earthquake | NR | x |
| Shoaf, 199828 | 1987, 1989 and 1994 California | 5.9, 7.1, 6.8 | Household survey of Californians residents about three earthquakes, and analysis of injuries and socio-demographic predictors | NR | x |
| Tanaka, 199929 | Jan 17 1995,Kobe, Japan | 7.2 | Overview of the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients during the 15-day period following the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake | x | x |
| McArthur, 200030 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge California | 6.8 | Evaluation of the burden of injuries resulting in hospitalization in the Northridge Earthquake and the disruption of the usual pattern of service requirements | NR | x |
| Peek-Asa, 200031 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge California | 6.8 | Analysis of earthquake-related and geographic data with the spatial and geographical relationships resulting from fatal and hospitalized injuries during the earthquake | x | x |
| Iskit, 200132 | Aug 17 1999, Marmara Turkey | 7.6 | Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of pediatric trauma patients referred to a tertiary center after the 1999 Marmara earthquake | NR | x |
| Liang, 200133 | Sep 21 1999, Taiwan | 7.3 | Analysis of risk factors for morbidity and mortality caused by the 1999 Taiwan earthquake | x | x |
| Mahue-Giangreco, 200134 | Jan 17 1994, Northridge California | 6.8 | Evaluation of the associations between potential risk factors for earthquake-related injuries and injury severity from emergency department data from the Northridge earthquake | NR | x |
| Roy, 200235 | Jan 26 2001, India | 7.7 | Survey of victims in a hospital assessing injury and other impacts due to earthquake | NR | x |
| Chan, 200336 | Sep 21 1999, Taiwan | 7.3 | Investigation of earthquake mortality patterns and post-earthquake mortality changes | x | NR |
| Jain, 200337 | Jan 26 2001,Gujarat, India | 7.7 | Description of evolution of presenting injuries in types of pediatric surgery required; propose an effective disaster relief team composition and strategy | NR | x |
| Liao, 200338 | Sep 21 1999,Taiwan | 7.3 | Examination of the association between ground motion and structural destruction that causes fatal injuries from the Taiwan quake. | X | NR |
| Peek-Asa, 200339 | Jan 17 1994 Northridge, California | 6.8 | Population based case-control study to examine how individual characteristics, building characteristics, and seismic features of the earthquake contribute to physical injury. | NR | x |
| Aoki, 200440 | Jan 17 1995,Kobe, Japan | 7.2 | Assessment of death patterns, cause, and preventability and estimates costs of enhancing the emergency medical services response to prevent unnecessary deaths | x | NR |
| Chou, 200441 | Sep 21 1999, Taiwan | 7.3 | Examination of risk factors for mortality from the 1999 Taiwan earthquake | x | NR |
| Ellidokuz, 200542 | Feb 3 2002, Turkey | 6.1 | Cross-sectional study of survivors focusing on risk factors for deaths and non-fatal injuries | x | x |
| Emami., 200543 | Dec 26 2003,Bam, Iran | 6.6 | Discussion of strategies used to manage a large number of casualties entering one hospital in a short period of time, both in an earthquake or other situation | NR | x |
| Pawar, 200544 | Jan 26 2001, India | 7.7 | Examination of casualty rates after the earthquake in the Bhuj block. | X | NR |
| Uzun, 2005 45 | Aug 17 1999, Marmara, Turkey | 7.6 | Investigation of clinical, demographic, and electromyographic characteristics of 12 pediatric quake victims and compare findings with adults. | NR | x |
| Hatamizadeh, 200646 | Dec 26 2003,Bam, Iran | 6.6 | Review of Bam earthquake epidemiology from a nephrologic perspective; compares complications and outcomes of victims with and without renal failure | x | x |
| Sabzehchian, 200647 | Dec 26, 2003 Bam, Iran | 6.6 | Analysis of pediatric trauma at tertiary-level hospitals following the earthquake | NR | x |
| Dhar et al., 200748** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Medical record review of injuries and deaths of 468 patients admitted to a hospital following the Pakistan earthquake | x | x |
| Laverick, 200749** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Analysis of injuries and deaths among 2721 adults and 1449 children in a hospital after the Pakistan earthquake | x | x |
| Ganjouei, 200850** | Dec 26 2003,Bam, Iran | 6.8 | Retrospective review of medical records of 1250 injured hospital patients seen after the earthquake | NR | x |
| Mohebbi., 200851** | Dec 26, 2003Bam, Iran | 6.6 | Assessment of demographic characteristics, injury, treatment and outcomes of 854 earthquake victims | NR | x |
| Mulvey, 200852** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Retrospective review of medical records to document injury patterns in the first 72 hours after the Kashmir earthquake | x | x |
| Bai, 200953** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.8 | Retrospective analysis of injuries of 2194 patients from the Pakistan earthquake | NR | x |
| Doocy, 200954** | Aug 15 2007, Peru | 8.0 | Population-based cluster survey of households affected by earthquake to assess earthquake-related risk and vulnerability | x | x |
| Najafi , 200955** | Dec 26 2003,Bam, Iran | 6.6 | Retrospective analysis of demographic characteristics, biochemical markers and outcomes of individuals referred for medical care after the Bam earthquake | NR | x |
| Sami, 200956** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Random sample of 310 hospital patients to assess demographics and injury types | NR | x |
| Wen, 200957** | May 12 2008, China | 7.9 | Hospital-based case-control study of deaths due to earthquake injuries to assess the determinants of earthquake-related mortality | x | x |
| Xiang, 200958** | May 12 2008, China | 7.9 | Medical record analysis of pediatric victims’ characteristics, injury type, and resuscitation | NR | x |
| Yang, 200959** | May 12 2008, China | 7.9 | Retrospective medical record review of injured patients following the China earthquake | NR | x |
| Yasin, 200960** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Medical record review of injuries, deaths, complications and procedures | x | x |
| Zhang, 200961** | May 12 2008, China | 7.9 | Retrospective record review of demographics and injury from 1170 patients following the China earthquake | NR | x |
| CDC, 201062** | Jan 12 2010, Haiti | 7.0 | Medical record review of injuries and patient characteristics at a field hospital in Haiti | NR | x |
| Jian, 201063** | May 12 2008, Wenchuan China | 7.9 | Retrospective record review of demographic characteristics and injuries of 196 hospital patients | NR | x |
| Milch, 201064** | Aug 15 2007, Peru | 8.0 | Household survey and observational damage assessment to evaluate associations between social and environmental determinants of injury and displacement | NR | x |
| Qiu, 201065** | May 12 2008, China | 7.9 | Medical record review of injury cause, type and treatment and patient demographic characteristics from 11 hospitals | NR | x |
| Sullivan, 201066** | Oct 8 2005, Pakistan | 7.6 | Cross-sectional surveys to assess risk factors for earthquake related mortality | x | NR |
| Farfel, 201167** | Jan 12 2010, Haiti | 7.0 | Analysis of injuries sustained by pediatric patients in a field hospital | NR | X |
| Zhao, 201168** | May 12 2008, China | 8.0 | Review of children treated by the relief team. | X | X |
| Ardagh, 201269** | Feb 22 2011, New Zealand | 6.3 | Data from Christchurch hospital extracted from an electronic database for review. | NR | X |
| Kang, 201270** | April 14 2010, China | 7.1 | Medical records of 3,255 patients from 57 hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. | NR | X |
| Sudaryo, 201271** | Sept 30 2009, Indonesia | 7.6 | Prospective cohort study of inured patients over a 6 month period in Padang, Indonesia. | X | X |
| Tan, 201272** | Sept 30, 2009,Indonesia | 7.6 | Two Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) primary healthcare clinics prospectively collected patient medical information for comparison.. | X | X |