Table 1.
Demographic characteristicsa
| All subjects (n = 704) |
BD-NOS (n = 88) |
BD-I (n = 71) |
No BSD (n = 545) |
Statistic | p-value | BD-NOS versus BD-I (95% CI) |
BD-NOS versus No BSD (95% CI) |
BD-I versus No BSD (95% CI) |
Sensitivity analysis (p-valueb) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 9.4 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 9.8 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | F = 4.28 | 0.014 | 0.06 (−0.55, 0.66) | 0.53 (0.10, 0.96) | 0.48 (0.00, 0.95) | 0.028 |
| Sex, % male | 67.8 | 51.1 | 64.8 | 70.8 | χ2 = 13.8 | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.60, 1.03) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.89) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 0.011 |
| Race, % White | 64.2 | 62.5 | 77.5 | 62.8 | χ2 = 6.04 | 0.05 | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 1.23 (1.07, 1.42) | 0.0005 |
| Ethnicity, % Hispanic | 4.4 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 4.2 | χ2 = 1.42 | 0.49 | 0.47 (0.11, 2.02) | 0.80 (0.24, 2.73) | 1.72 (0.63, 4.68) | 0.76 |
| Socioeconomic status/family characteristics, % | ||||||||||
| ≥ 1 parent has college degree |
39.5 (277/702) |
31.8 | 54.9 | 38.7 (210/543) |
χ2 = 11.2 | 0.004 | 0.58 (0.40, 0.84) | 0.82 (0.59, 1.13) | 1.42 (1.12, 1.80) | 0.027 |
| ≥ 1 parent employed |
79.9 (561/702) |
81.8 | 85.9 | 78.8 (428/543) |
χ2 = 2.20 | 0.33 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) | 0.14 |
| Living with both natural parents |
32.3 (223/690) |
36.4 | 32.9 (23/70) |
31.6 (168/532) |
χ2 = 0.80 | 0.67 | 1.11 (0.72, 1.71) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.56) | 1.04 (0.73, 1.49) | 0.53 |
| BSD characteristics, mean ± SD | ||||||||||
| Age of onset, years | 6.7 ± 2.8 (n = 156) |
6.8 ± 2.8 (n = 85) |
6.5 ± 2.8 | - | F = 0.08c | 0.77 | 0.12 (−0.69, 0.93) | - | - | - |
| Duration, years | 3.1 ± 2.5 (n = 156) |
2.9 ± 2.4 (n = 85) |
3.2± 2.7 | - | F = 0.08c | 0.77 | −0.12 (−0.93, 0.70) | - | - | - |
BD-NOS = bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; BD-I = bipolar I disorder; BSD = bipolar spectrum disorder; CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation.
a
For categorical variables, prevalence ratios (with 95% CI) are presented. For continuous variables (age), difference in means (with 95% CI) are shown. Significant differences across bipolar diagnosis are shown in bold.
b
p-value after excluding ESM- participants (elevated symptoms of mania ≤ 12) from the analysis.
c
Adjusted for age, gender, race, and parental education.