Table 2.

Clinical scales^a

	All subjects (n = 704)	BD-NOS (n = 88)	BD-I (n = 71)	No BSD (n = 545)	Statistic (F)	p-value	BD-NOS versus BD-I (p-value)	BD-NOS versus No BSD (p-value)	BD-I versus No BSD (p-value )	Sensitivity analysis (p-value b)
Symptom severity
KDRS at baseline	6.9 ± 6.0	10.1 ± 6.2	8.8 ± 6.6	6.1 ± 5.6	16.2c	< 0.0001	0.20 (0.22)	0.59 (< 0.0001)	0.39 (0.002)	< 0.0001
KMRS at baseline	9.8 ± 8.9 (n = 703)	20.5 ± 7.4	20.9 ± 10.8	6.6 ± 5.9 (n = 544)	266c	< 0.0001	−0.03 (0.85)	2.07 (< 0.0001)	2.11 (< 0.0001)	< 0.0001
KMRS: most severe	10.9 ± 9.4 (n = 701)	21.9 ± 5.8 (n = 87)	26.5 ± 7.3 (n = 70)	7.1 ± 6.1 (n = 544)	449c	< 0.0001	−0.73 (< 0.0001)	2.37 (< 0.0001)	3.10 (< 0.0001)	< 0.0001
YMRS at baseline	16.7 ± 9.2	25.2 ± 7.5	25.9 ± 10.5	14.2 ± 7.5	131c	< 0.0001	−0.08 (0.62)	1.43 (< 0.0001)	1.51 (< 0.0001)	< 0.0001
CDRS-R at baseline	37.1 ± 11.6	39.8 ± 10.7	37.1 ± 11.6	33.6 ± 10.4	12.3c	< 0.0001	0.26 (0.11)	0.54 (< 0.0001)	0.28 (0.02)	< 0.0001
Functional impairment
CGAS at baseline	54.6 ± 10.3 (n = 700)	51.3 ± 8.6 (n = 87)	50.9 ± 10.5 (n = 70)	55.5 ± 10.4 (n = 543)	14.1c	< 0.0001	0.09 (0.57)	−0.44 (0.0002)	−0.53 (< 0.0001)	< 0.0001
CGAS: most severe lifetime	49.1 ± 9.9 (n = 403)	46.9 ± 7.7 (n = 51)	43.2 ± 9.9 (n = 55)	50.6 ± 9.8 (n = 297)	15.5c	< 0.0001	0.42 (0.03)	−0.36 (0.02)	−0.79 (< 0.0001)	< 0.0001

BD-NOS = bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; BD-I = bipolar I disorder; BSD = bipolar spectrum disorder; CI = confidence interval; KDRS = Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS) Depression Rating Scale; KMRS = K-SADS Mania Rating Scale; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale; CDRS-R = Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised; CGAS = Children’s Global Assessment Scale.

^aEffect sizes (Cohen’s d) are calculated across bipolar diagnosis; significant differences are shown in bold.

^bp-value after excluding ESM- participants (elevated symptoms of mania < 12) from the analysis.

^cAdjusted for age, gender, race, and parental education.