Table 4.
Family historya
| Parental history | All subjects (n = 704) |
BD-NOS (n = 88) |
BD-I (n = 71) |
No BSD (n = 545) |
Statistic | p-value | BD-NOS versus BD-I (95% CI) |
BD-NOS versus No BSD (95% CI) |
BD-I versus No BSD (95% CI) |
Sensitivity analysis (p-valueb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mania | 20.3 (132/652) | 32.9 (27/82) | 42.2 (27/64) | 15.4 (78/506) | Wald χ2 =22.3c |
< 0.0001 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 0.0001 |
| Depression | 63.0 (439/697) | 69.4 (59/85) | 69.6 (48/69) | 61.1 (332/543) |
Wald χ2 = 1.7c |
0.43 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.20 |
| ADHD | 27.1 (188/694) | 29.1 (25/86) | 22.9 (16/70) | 27.3 (147/538) |
Wald χ2 = 0.9c |
0.65 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 0.62 |
| Conduct disorder |
39.7 (276/696) | 50.6 (44/87) | 31.9 (22/69) | 38.9 (210/540) |
Wald χ2 = 4.5c |
0.11 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.09 |
| Anxiety | 52.5 (364/693) | 52.3 (45/86) | 54.3 (38/70) |
52.3 (281/537) |
Wald χ2 = 0.8c |
0.75 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.63 |
| Psychosis | 11.3 (79/697) | 18.4 (16/87) | 8.7 (6/69) | 10.5 (57/541) | χ2 = 5.3 | 0.07 | 2.1 (0.9, 5.1) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.07 |
| Substance dependence |
45.5 (319/701) | 50.6 (44/87) | 42.3 (30/71) | 45.1 (245/543) |
Wald χ2 = 0.4c |
0.81 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.76 |
| Suicide attempt | 23.6 (166/702) | 28.4 | 27.1 (19/70) | 22.4 (122/544) |
Wald χ2 = 1.5c |
0.47 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.41 |
Values are reported as percent. BD-NOS = bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; BD-I = bipolar I disorder; BSD = bipolar spectrum disorder; CI = confidence interval; ADHD = attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
a
Prevalence ratios are calculated across bipolar diagnosis; significant differences are shown in bold.
b
p-value after excluding ESM- participants (elevated symptoms of mania < 12) from the analysis.
c
Adjusted for age, sex, race, parental education, number of known biological parents history.