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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2013 Jan 30;62(6):768–777. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.003

Table 2.

Effects of Age on Human Marrow Stromal (Mesenchymal Stem) Cells

Decrease with Age Increase with Age
Proliferation potential
Osteoblast differentiation
Stimulation of osteoblastogenesis by 1α,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3, and PTH
Constitutive expression of CYP27B1 and biosynthesis of 1α,25(OH)2D3
Constitutive expression PTHR1
PTH signaling of CREB and β-catenin
Constitutive expression of anti- osteoclastogenic Osteoprotegerin		 Cells positive for Senescence Associated-β-galactosidase
Apoptotic cells
Constitutive expression of P53, P21, BAX
Support of osteoclastogensis by increased constitutive expression of pro-osteoclastogenic RANKL, IL-6, IL- 11