Table 2.
Individual, treatment and extra-treatment characteristics by stable remission status through 11 years.
| Stably remitted (N = 330) | Relapsers (N = 354) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | |||
| Women | 38% | 34% | ns |
| Age group (51+) | 19% | 7% | <.0001 |
| Married | 53% | 47% | ns |
| Education (at least some college) | 31% | 25% | ns |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 75% | 76% | ns |
| African-American | 11% | 11% | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 10% | 8% | |
| Other | 4% | 5% | |
| Annual income ($40,000+) | 50% | 50% | ns |
| Employed | 53% | 63% | .0098 |
| Self-reported health status (baseline) | |||
| Excellent/very good/good | 22% | 28% | ns |
| Status at year 1 | |||
| Abstinent | 92% | 78% | <.0001 |
| Non-problem use | 8% | 22% | |
| Dependence type | |||
| Abuse only (no dependence) | 16% | 12% | ns |
| Alcohol only | 45% | 41% | |
| Drugs only | 23% | 30% | |
| Alcohol and drugs | 15% | 16% | |
| Goal to stop using substance | 84% | 73% | .0003 |
| Day hospital treatment | 49% | 46% | ns |
| ASI Alcohol problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.46 (0.33) | 0.43 (0.30) | ns |
| ASI drug problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.11) | .0330 |
| ASI family/social problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.41 (0.29) | 0.39 (0.30) | ns |
| ASI psychiatric problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.40 (0.26) | 0.43 (0.27) | ns |
| ASI legal problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.20) | 0.11 (0.20) | ns |
| ASI employment problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.39 (0.26) | 0.36 (0.25) | ns |
| ASI medical problem severity (baseline), mean (SD) | 0.39 (0.42) | 0.38 (0.39) | ns |
| Number of years of regular use – alcohol, mean (SD) | 11.18 (9.82) | 9.02 (9.21) | .0045 |
| Number of years of regular use – painkiller, mean (SD) | 1.19 (3.76) | 1.10 (3.07) | ns |
| Number of years of regular use – marijuana, mean (SD) | 6.38 (7.83) | 6.52 (7.55) | ns |
| Number of years of regular use – stimulant, mean (SD) | 4.44 (6.11) | 3.86 (5.45) | ns |
| Number of years of regular use – cocaine, mean (SD) | 2.75 (4.49) | 2.30 (4.23) | ns |
| Treatment characteristics | |||
| Length of stay (days), mean (SD) | 97.57 (126.94) | 61.48 (100.29) | <.0001 |
| Readmissions (from year 1 to year 4), mean (SD) | 0.22 (0.62) | 0.17 (0.46) | ns |
| extra-treatment characteristics | |||
| Number of 12-step visits attended (1 year), mean (SD) | 40.63 (50.36) | 26.69 (44.77) | .0002 |
Note: Sample included only those abstinent or non-problem users at the year 1 follow-up (N = 684).
ns: Not statistically significant p < .05.