Table 3.

Nonparametric correlations for reading and reading-related measures in Mandarin-speaking children.

Younger children
	Pinyin	Elision	Reading	Vocabulary	Nonverbal IQ
1. Pinyin	–	−.25	−.08	−.20	.25
2. Elision	.11	–	.42*	−.05	.10
3. Reading	.10	.42*	–	.34†	.17
4. Vocabulary	−.11	.20	.37*	–	.41*
5. Nonverbal IQ	.26	.34*	.37*	.50***	–
Older children

Note. Younger children are above the diagonal, and older children are below the diagonal.

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^***p < .001.