Table 6.
Effects of dairy and dairy ingredients on blood pressure control: Summary of randomized clinical trials conducted between June 2010 and September 2011, using search terms “dairy,” “milk,” “blood pressure,” and “hypertension”
| Reference | Characteristics of participants | Study objective | Dairy servings per day in experimental group | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| van Meijl & Mensink (2011)45 | Overweight and obese adults, 50 years of age (n = 35) | Investigate the effects of daily consumption of low-fat dairy products on metabolic risk parameters after a period of 8 weeks | >2.5 servings of low-fat milk and yogurt | SBP decreased by 2.9 mmHg (95%CI, −5.5–−0.3; P = 0.027), HDL cholesterol decreased by 0.04 mmol/L (95%CI, −0.07–−0.01; P = 0.021), apo/A-1 decreased by 0.04 g/L (95%CI, −0.07–−0.01; P = 0.016). There was no difference in DBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo B, TAG, NEFA, glucose, insulin, CRP, or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| Stancliffe et al. (2011)42 | Overweight and obese adults, 37–40 years of age (n = 48) | Determine early and sustained effects of higher dairy consumption versus lower dairy consumption after periods of 7 days, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks | 3.5 servings of dairy foods | Consumption of 3.5 servings/day decreased SBP (P < 0.01) and DBP (P < 0.05), insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), plasma insulin (P < 0.05), malondialdehyde (P < 0.01), oxidized LDL (P < 0.02), TNF-α (P < 0.01), MCP-1 (P < 0.02), IL-6 (P < 0.02), CRP (P < 0.02), DBP in only the obese (P < 0.05), plasma cholesterol in only the obese (P < 0.02), and plasma TAG in only the obese (P < 0.05) |
| Usinger et al. (2010)46 | Borderline-hypertensive adults, 54–56 years of age (n = 94) | Study the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on blood pressure control after a period of 8 weeks | >1 serving of fermented milk | No ACE inhibition by fermented milk was detected |
| Usinger et al. (2010)44 | Borderline-hypertensive adults, 54–56 years of age (n = 94) | Study the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk on blood pressure control after a period of 8 weeks | >1 serving of fermented milk | No difference in SBP or DBP was detected between lower and higher consumption |
Abbreviations: apo, apolipoprotein; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAG, triglyceride; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.