Table 3.

C-peptide and some clinical differences between boys and girls at diagnosis in different age groups

		0–5 years		6–10 years		11–15 years		16–18 years
	Sex	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	Boy	385	77.9 ± 18.5	551	87.9* ± 21.2	758	99.7* ± 24.8	221	101.8 ± 25.4
	Girl	318	80.1 ± 19.1	554	95.4* ± 24.4	523	104.8* ± 27.3	135	103.6 ± 30.6
C-peptide (nmol/L, onset)	Boy	364	0.23 ± 0.24	538	0.23* ± 0.16	721	0.31** ± 0.26	216	0.36 ± 0.32
	Girl	292	0.21 ± 0.15	513	0.26* ± 0.23	495	0.35** ± 0.29	128	0.42 ± 0.29
BMI-SDS	Boy	359	−0.66 ± 1.37	528	−0.20 ± 1.6	728	−0.32** ± 1.5	224	−0.72 ± 1.7
	Girl	295	−0.56 ± 1.24	517	−0.36 ± 1.4	510	−0.52** ± 1.4	129	−0.54 ± 1.5
pH	Boy	383	7.36 ± 0.09	559	7.36 ± 0.08	746	7.33 ± 0.09	228	7.33 ± 0.09
	Girl	318	7.35 ± 0.09	538	7.35 ± 0.09	522	7.32 ± 0.11	130	7.34 ± 0.10
BE	Boy	377	−4.3** ± 6.6	548	−3.3* ± 6.0	739	−4.5* ± 7.4	221	−4.1 ± 7.3
	Girl	317	−5.3** ± 6.8	534	−4.5* ± 7.2	515	−5.8* ± 8.2	129	−4.1 ± 7.8
p-glucose (mmol/L)	Boy	389	26.6 ± 7.8	560	26.9 ± 8.4	763	27.7 ± 9.6	231	28.5* ± 10.5
	Girl	324	27.0 ± 8.3	555	26.1 ± 8.0	529	26.6 ± 9.6	134	24.9* ± 8.9
		n	Yes (%)	n	Yes (%)	n	Yes (%)	n	Yes (%)
Weight loss	Boy	411	52.3**	580	69.1**	790	80)	239	83.7
	Girl	338	61.2**	569	75.4**	541	81.5	140	77.9
Polydipsia	Boy	411	90.3	580	92.4	790	93.2	239	92.5
	Girl	338	92.9	569	93.3	541	93.3	140	92.1
Polyuria	Boy	411	92.2	580	94.7	790	93.7	239	93.3
	Girl	338	93.2	569	93.3	541	93.2	140	92.1
Other autoimmune disease	Boy	411	3.6	580	5.6**	790	5.6 *	239	2.5**
	Girl	338	5.9	569	9.1**	541	9.1 *	140	7.9**

BMI-SDS, body mass index standard deviation score; BE, base excess.

^**p < 0.05.

^*p < 0.01.