Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1992 Jul;12(7):2919–2923. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.7.2919

High-fidelity gene targeting in embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors.

K R Thomas 1, C Deng 1, M R Capecchi 1
PMCID: PMC364504  PMID: 1620105

Abstract

Mutations were targeted to the Hprt locus in murine embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors. When the vector was designed such that the mutated sequences were flanked on both sides by several kilobases of DNA homologous to the target locus, replacement of chromosomal sequences with the exogenous DNA occurred with precision. If, on the other hand, the target-homologous DNA on one arm of the vector was reduced to below 1 kb in length, the fidelity of recombination was diminished.

Full text

PDF
2922

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bradley A., Evans M., Kaufman M. H., Robertson E. Formation of germ-line chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature. 1984 May 17;309(5965):255–256. doi: 10.1038/309255a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brinster R. L., Braun R. E., Lo D., Avarbock M. R., Oram F., Palmiter R. D. Targeted correction of a major histocompatibility class II E alpha gene by DNA microinjected into mouse eggs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):7087–7091. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7087. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chisaka O., Capecchi M. R. Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5. Nature. 1991 Apr 11;350(6318):473–479. doi: 10.1038/350473a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DeChiara T. M., Efstratiadis A., Robertson E. J. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature. 1990 May 3;345(6270):78–80. doi: 10.1038/345078a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Doetschman T., Maeda N., Smithies O. Targeted mutation of the Hprt gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(22):8583–8587. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fell H. P., Yarnold S., Hellström I., Hellström K. E., Folger K. R. Homologous recombination in hybridoma cells: heavy chain chimeric antibody produced by gene targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8507–8511. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hasty P., Rivera-Pérez J., Chang C., Bradley A. Target frequency and integration pattern for insertion and replacement vectors in embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4509–4517. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.9.4509. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Joyner A. L., Herrup K., Auerbach B. A., Davis C. A., Rossant J. Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox. Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239–1243. doi: 10.1126/science.1672471. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Koller B. H., Marrack P., Kappler J. W., Smithies O. Normal development of mice deficient in beta 2M, MHC class I proteins, and CD8+ T cells. Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1227–1230. doi: 10.1126/science.2112266. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kühn R., Rajewsky K., Müller W. Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):707–710. doi: 10.1126/science.1948049. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lufkin T., Dierich A., LeMeur M., Mark M., Chambon P. Disruption of the Hox-1.6 homeobox gene results in defects in a region corresponding to its rostral domain of expression. Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1105–1119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90034-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mansour S. L., Thomas K. R., Deng C. X., Capecchi M. R. Introduction of a lacZ reporter gene into the mouse int-2 locus by homologous recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7688–7692. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.19.7688. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McMahon A. P., Bradley A. The Wnt-1 (int-1) proto-oncogene is required for development of a large region of the mouse brain. Cell. 1990 Sep 21;62(6):1073–1085. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90385-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Melton D. W., Konecki D. S., Brennand J., Caskey C. T. Structure, expression, and mutation of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):2147–2151. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mucenski M. L., McLain K., Kier A. B., Swerdlow S. H., Schreiner C. M., Miller T. A., Pietryga D. W., Scott W. J., Jr, Potter S. S. A functional c-myb gene is required for normal murine fetal hepatic hematopoiesis. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):677–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90099-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pevny L., Simon M. C., Robertson E., Klein W. H., Tsai S. F., D'Agati V., Orkin S. H., Costantini F. Erythroid differentiation in chimaeric mice blocked by a targeted mutation in the gene for transcription factor GATA-1. Nature. 1991 Jan 17;349(6306):257–260. doi: 10.1038/349257a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rahemtulla A., Fung-Leung W. P., Schilham M. W., Kündig T. M., Sambhara S. R., Narendran A., Arabian A., Wakeham A., Paige C. J., Zinkernagel R. M. Normal development and function of CD8+ cells but markedly decreased helper cell activity in mice lacking CD4. Nature. 1991 Sep 12;353(6340):180–184. doi: 10.1038/353180a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schwartzberg P. L., Goff S. P., Robertson E. J. Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells. Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):799–803. doi: 10.1126/science.2554496. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schwartzberg P. L., Robertson E. J., Goff S. P. Targeted gene disruption of the endogenous c-abl locus by homologous recombination with DNA encoding a selectable fusion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):3210–3214. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.8.3210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Soriano P., Montgomery C., Geske R., Bradley A. Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):693–702. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90499-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Thomas K. R., Capecchi M. R. Introduction of homologous DNA sequences into mammalian cells induces mutations in the cognate gene. Nature. 1986 Nov 6;324(6092):34–38. doi: 10.1038/324034a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Thomas K. R., Capecchi M. R. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell. 1987 Nov 6;51(3):503–512. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90646-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thomas K. R., Capecchi M. R. Targeted disruption of the murine int-1 proto-oncogene resulting in severe abnormalities in midbrain and cerebellar development. Nature. 1990 Aug 30;346(6287):847–850. doi: 10.1038/346847a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tybulewicz V. L., Crawford C. E., Jackson P. K., Bronson R. T., Mulligan R. C. Neonatal lethality and lymphopenia in mice with a homozygous disruption of the c-abl proto-oncogene. Cell. 1991 Jun 28;65(7):1153–1163. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90011-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Zijlstra M., Li E., Sajjadi F., Subramani S., Jaenisch R. Germ-line transmission of a disrupted beta 2-microglobulin gene produced by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Nature. 1989 Nov 23;342(6248):435–438. doi: 10.1038/342435a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES