Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristica | Haloperidol (n=35) |
Ziprasidone (n=30) |
Placebo (n=36) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 51 [35–59] | 54 [47–66] | 56 [43–68] |
| Female, n (%) | 15 (43) | 9 (30) | 14 (39) |
| APACHE II score | 26 [21–31] | 26 [23–32] | 26 [21–32] |
| SOFA score | 11 [10–13] | 10 [9–12] | 11 [9–13] |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0 [0–1] | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] |
| ICU type, n (%) | |||
| Medical | 20 (57) | 20 (67) | 23 (64) |
| Surgical | 8 (23) | 6 (20) | 8 (22) |
| Trauma | 7 (20) | 4 (13) | 5 (14) |
| ICU admission diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome | 10 (29) | 10 (33) | 9 (25) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma | 3 (9) | 2 (7) | 4 (11) |
| Other pulmonaryb | 6 (17) | 7 (23) | 3 (8) |
| Myocardial infarction/congestive heart failure | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
| Other medicalc | 6 (17) | 4 (13) | 9 (25) |
| Traumatic injury | 7 (20) | 4 (13) | 5 (14) |
| Surgeryd | 1 (3) | 3 (10) | 5 (14) |
| Brain dysfunction on first study day, n (%) | |||
| Coma | 12 (35) | 9 (32) | 14 (40) |
| Delirium | 16 (47) | 15 (54) | 17 (49) |
| Antipsychotics prior to enrollment, n (%) | |||
| Haloperidol | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | 4 (11) |
| Ziprasidone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Abbreviations: APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU, intensive care unit.
a
Median [interquartile range] unless otherwise noted
b
Other pulmonary included respiratory failure due to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, hemoptysis, and cystic fibrosis
c
Other medical included altered mental status, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic failure, malignancy, and renal failure
d
Surgery included colonic, gastric, head/neck, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and vascular surgery