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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2012 Jun;18(6):883–891. doi: 10.1038/nm.2753

Figure 3. Role of tumor-derived exosomes in BM cell education and metastasis.

Figure 3

(a) Schematic of the experiment performed to analyze the influence of tumor exosomes on BM cell education and metastasis (GFP+= green fluorescent protein). (b) Analysis of primary tumor growth after subcutaneous flank injection of B16-F10mCherry cells in mice transplanted with B16-F10 exosome-educated BM (BM-educated). BM derived from mice treated with control particles (BM-control) was used in parallel, n = 5 mice per group; error bars represent s.e.m.; ***P < 0.001 by ANOVA. (c) Confocal microscopic analysis of BMDCs (GFP+) and vasculature (lectin-red) in primary tumors from BM-educated mice and controls (top panels). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of vasculature and total BMDCs is shown below (lower panels), n = 5 mice per group; error bars represent s.e.m. P value by ANOVA. (d) BMDCs (GFP+) and tumor B16-F10 cells (mCherry+-red) in lung metastatic lesions at 28 d post-tumor injection (top panels). Scale bar, 50 μm. Quantification of metastatic area, tumor burden and total BMDCs is shown in the lower panels (left), n = 5 mice per group; error bars represent s.e.m. P value by ANOVA. Macroscopic analysis of lung metastases at day 35 is shown in the right panel. Scale bar, 200 mm. (e) Flow cytometric analysis of indicated BM progenitor cell populations in mice educated with B16-F10 and B16-F1 exosomes or control particles for 28 d (n = 5 mice per group; error bars represent s.e.m.; NS = not significant by ANOVA).