TABLE 1.

A list of spice-derived nutraceuticals and natural sources

Nutraceuticals	Sources	Botanical name
[6]-Gingerol	Ginger, marjoram	Zingiber officinale Roscoe; Origanum majorana
Anethol and analogues*	Anise, fennel, cloves, licorice, star anise, tarragon	Pimpinella anisum; Foeniculum vulgare; Syzygium anisatum; Glycyrrhiza glabra; Illicum verum; Artemisia dracunculus L.
Capsaicinoids	Pepper, red chili, paprika	Capsaicum spp.; Euphorbia spp.; C. annum; C. frutens
Curcumin	Turmeric	Curcuma longa
Dibenzoylmethane	Licorice	Glycyrrhiza sp.
Diosgenin	Fenugreek, crape ginger	Trigonella foenum graecum; Costus speciosus
Eugenol	Clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, bay leaf, allspice, coriander	S. aromaticum; Myristica fragrans; genus Cinnamomum; Ocimum basilicum; Laurus nobilis; Pimenta dioica; Coriandrum sativum
Gambogic acid	Gamboge	Garcinia sp.
Thymoquinone	Blackseed	Nigella sativa
Ursolic acid	Basil, salvia, rosemary, berries	Rosmarinus officinalis; O. sanctum; Aronia melanocarpa; Oxycoccus quadripetalus; Origanum majorana; Diospyros melanoxylon; Salvia przewalskii Maxim
Xanthohumol	Hop	Humulus lupulus L.
Zerumbone	Pinecone ginger	Zingiber zerumbet; Curcuma ochrorhiza; C. heyneana