Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Health ABC, InCHIANTI, and ULSAM Cohorts
| No. (%) of Participants
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Health Study
|
Health ABC Overall (n = 922) | InCHIANTI Overall (n = 835) | ULSAM Overall (n = 970) | All Cohorts Combined (n = 4241) | |||
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levelb
|
Overall (n = 1514) | ||||||
| Normal (n = 1210) | Low (n = 304) | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 73.7 (4.5) | 74.7 (4.8) | 73.9 (4.6) | 74.5 (2.8) | 66.0 (15.7) | 71.0 (0.6) | 71.8 (8.2) |
|
| |||||||
| Male sex | 408 (34) | 53 (17) | 461 (30) | 435 (47) | 393 (47) | 970 (100) | 2259 (53) |
|
| |||||||
| Current smoker | 103 (9) | 39 (13) | 142 (10) | 67 (7) | 173 (21) | 202 (21) | 584 (14) |
|
| |||||||
| Any alcohol intake | 568 (47) | 135 (44) | 703 (46) | 543 (59) | 642 (77) | 813 (84) | 2701 (64) |
|
| |||||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD)c | 26.3 (4.2) | 26.9 (5.3) | 26.4 (4.4) | 26.4 (4.0) | 27.1 (4.1) | 26.2 (3.4) | 26.5 (4.1) |
|
| |||||||
| Diabetesd | 108 (9) | 34 (11) | 142 (9) | 118 (13) | 73 (9) | 101 (10) | 434 (10) |
|
| |||||||
| Hypertensione | 629 (52) | 184 (61) | 813 (54) | 589 (64) | 251 (30) | 717 (74) | 2370 (56) |
|
| |||||||
| Estimated GFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73m2f | 78 (18.9) | 80.6 (21.3) | 78.5 (19.4) | 70.7 (13.7) | 80.4 (17.5) | 76.0 (12.5) | 76.6 (16.8) |
|
| |||||||
| Vitamin D supplement use | 5 (0.4) | 0 | 5 (0.3) | 132 (14) | NA | 37 (4) | 174 (4) |
|
| |||||||
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D | |||||||
| Serum level, mean (SD), ng/mL | 29.7 (9.2) | 14.4 (4.1) | 26.7 (10.4) | 29.2 (10.2) | 22.2 (14.3) | 27.5 (7.5) | 26.5 (10.9) |
|
| |||||||
| Season-specific 20th percentile, ng/mL | |||||||
| Winter | 14 | 18 | 10 | 17 | 15 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Spring | 18 | 19 | 13 | 16 | 16 | ||
|
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| Summer | 22 | 23 | 15 | 17 | 19 | ||
|
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| Autumn | 19 | 23 | 12 | 19 | 18 | ||
Abbreviations: ABC, Aging and Body Composition; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; InCHIANTI; Invecchiare in Chianti; NA, data not available; ULSAM, Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men.
Unless otherwise indicated.
Normal defined as above the season-specific 20th percentile of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and low as below the season-specific 20th percentile.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria: fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher or use of any hypoglycemic medication (in ULSAM: or by 120-minute postload oral glucose tolerance test 311.1 mmol/L).
Defined by systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or use of any antihypertensive medication.
Defined by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study.