This framework includes levels of etiology, carcinogenesis, intervention, and implementation/evaluation, as well as previously defined phases of translation (i.e., T0-T4; (36, 37). Biological levels include inherited genome (IG), somatic genome (SG), as well as related biomarkers of biologically effective dose (BED), biomarkers of early biological effect (EBE), and biomarkers of altered structure and function (ASF) (41).