Table 3.

Association between alcohol consumption and risk of SLE

Alcohol consumption	Cases (%)	Controls (%)	OR (95% CI)
Current drinking (drinking in past month)
No	63 (55)	114 (50)	1.0 (ref.)
Yes	51 (45)	114 (50)	0.81 (0.52–1.27)
Days of drinking/week
0	63 (55)	114 (50)	1.0 (ref.)
<1 day	25 (22)	48 (21)	0.94 (0.54–1.63)
1–2 days	21 (18)	41 (18)	0.90 (0.49–1.65)
>2 days	5 (4)	25 (11)	0.35 (0.13–0.98)
			p trend = 0.11
Drinks/day
0	63 (55)	114 (50)	1.0 (ref.)
1	29 (25)	50 (22)	1.08 (0.6–1.92)
2	14 (12)	28 (12)	0.94 (0.47–1.88)
>2	8 (7)	36 (16)	0.41 (0.18–0.93)
			p trend = 0.07
Drinking before lupus diagnosis
No	21 (18)	46 (20)	1.0 (ref.)
Yes	93 (82)	182 (80)	1.12 (0.63–2.00)
Days of drinking/week
0	21 (18)	46 (20)	1.0 (ref.)
<1 day	53 (46)	94 (41)	1.24 (0.67–2.28)
1–2 days	29 (25)	49 (21)	1.35 (0.66–2.76)
>2 days	11 (10)	39 (17)	0.61 (0.26–1.42)
			p trend = 0.4
Drinks/day
0	21 (18)	46 (20)	1.0 (ref.)
1	37 (32)	74 (32)	1.11 (0.58–2.11)
2	27 (24)	42 (18)	1.44 (0.70–2.96)
>2	29 (25)	66 (29)	0.97 (0.49–1.90)
			p trend = 1.0
Change of drinking behaviour
Never drank	10 (9)	30 (13)	1.0 (ref.)
Quit before lupus diagnosis	28 (25)	35 (15)	2.25 (0.96–5.28)
Quit after lupus diagnosis	17 (15)	22 (10)	2.38 (0.88–6.49)
Still drinking	59 (52)	141 (62)	1.24 (0.56–2.77)