Table 5.
Hopelessness as a Mediator of Relationships between Emotional Abuse, Peer Victimization, and Changes in Depressive Symptoms (10,000 bootstrap samples).
| Emotional Abuse and Peer Victimization as Predictors of Hopelessness at Time 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Predictor | B | t |
| EA | 0.09 | 2.18* |
| PV | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Sex | 0.62 | 2.35* |
| CLES | 0.01 | 0.36 |
| Time in Study | <0.01 | 0.88 |
| T1 CDI | 0.05 | 2.13* |
| T1 MASC Total | −0.01 | −0.52 |
|
| ||
| Model R-sq = .10, F = 3.51, p < .01. | ||
| Emotional Abuse, Peer Victimization, and Hopelessness as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms at Time 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Predictor | B | t |
| EA | 0.38 | 3.38*** |
| PV | 0.22 | 2.17* |
| T2 HSC | 0.54 | 3.02** |
| Sex | 1.76 | 2.50* |
| CLES | −0.09 | −1.30 |
| Time in Study | <0.01 | 1.39 |
| T1 CDI | 0.25 | 3.93*** |
| T1 MASC Total | −0.02 | −0.62 |
|
| ||
| Model R-sq = .31, F = 11.98, p < .0001. | ||
| Emotional Abuse, Peer Victimization, and Hopelessness as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms at Time 3 (Total Effect Model) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Predictor | B | t |
| EA | 0.43 | 3.79*** |
| PV | 0.22 | 2.13* |
| Sex | 2.09 | 2.96** |
| CLES | −0.09 | −1.21 |
| Time in Study | <0.01 | 1.54 |
| T1 CDI | 0.28 | 4.32*** |
| T1 MASC Total | −0.02 | −0.71 |
|
| ||
| Model R-sq = .28, F = 11.93, p < .0001. | ||
| Indirect Effects of Emotional Abuse and Peer Victimization on Depressive Symptoms at Time 3 via Hopelessness at Time 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal Predictor | Effect | SE | CI (lower) | CI (upper) |
| EA | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| PV | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.05 |
Note.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.
Confidence intervals that do not contain 0 are statistically significant, implying mediation. T1 = Time 1 (baseline); T2 = Time 2; CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory; MASC = Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children; CLES = Children’s Life Event Scale; Time in Study = Days between Time 1 and Time 3 assessments; EA = Emotional Abuse; PV = Peer Victimization.