Table 4. Factors associated with development of superimposed preeclampsia by univariate and multivariate* analysis at first prenatal visit.
| Characteristics | PE (n = 49) | No PE (n = 162) | p | Multivariate analysis OR(95% CI) | P |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2, mean ± SD) | n = 47 27.6±5.5 | n = 155 28±6.8 | .68 | ||
| Booking gestational age (wk, mean ± SD) | 18.3±5.5 | 18±5.6 | .75 | ||
| Maternal age (years) | .35 | ||||
| <30 # (%) | 7 (14.3) | 15 (9.3) | |||
| 30–35 # (%) | 18 (36.7) | 50 (30.9) | |||
| ≥35 # (%) | 24 (49) | 97 (59.8) | |||
| Ethnicity | .005 | ||||
| White # (%) | 13 (26.5) | 81 (50) | 1 | ref | |
| Black # (%) | 36 (73.5) | 77 (47.5) | 1.65 (0.73–3.72) | .22 | |
| Other # (%) | 0 | 4 (2.5) | |||
| Nulliparous # (%) | 4 (8.1) | 35 (21.6) | .03 | 0.70 (0.20–2.37) | .56 |
| Previous preeclampsia # (%) | 24/45 (53.3) | 21/127 (16.5) | <.0001 | 4.05 (1.61–10.16) | .003 |
| Previous FGR # (%) | 14/45 (31.1) | 24/127 (18.9) | .03 | 0.99 (0.36–2.69) | .98 |
| Previous abruptio placenta # (%) | 4/45 (8.9) | 5/127 (3.9) | .21 | ||
| Tobacco use # (%) | 2 (4.1) | 18 (11.1) | .82 | ||
| Booking systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | .005 | ||||
| <130 # (%) | 11 (22.4) | 76 (46.9) | |||
| 130–140 # (%) | 16 (32.7) | 45 (27.8) | |||
| ≥140 # (%) | 22 (44.9) | 41 (25.3) | |||
| Booking diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | .0004 | ||||
| <80 # (%) | 14 (28.6) | 94 (58) | |||
| 80–90 # (%) | 21 (42.8) | 50 (30.9) | |||
| ≥90 # (%) | 14 (28.6) | 18 (11.1) | |||
| Booking MAP≥95 mmHg # (%) | 40 (81.6) | 73 (45.1) | <.0001 | 4.60 (1.94–10.93) | .0006 |
| Duration of hypertension ≥4 years # (%) | 34 (69.4) | 69/152 (45.4) | .003 | 2.09 (0.95–4.60) | .07 |
| Antihypertensive at booking | n = 48 | n = 159 | .86 | ||
| One drug only # (%) | 35 (72.9) | 117 (73.6) | |||
| Two drugs # (%) | 10 (20.8) | 35 (22) | |||
| > two drugs # (%) | 3 (6.3) | 7 (4.4) | |||
| Aspirin use # (%) | 15 (30.6) | 34 (21) | .16 |
*
logistic regression analysis performed for variables with a p<.1 at univariate analysis at booking; PE: superimposed preeclampsia.