TABLE 2.
Differences in sub-dimensions of motivation measure among active and inactive men and women.
| Both men and women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-dimension | Active Mean ± SD N=1 202 |
Inactive Mean ± SD N=1 106 |
Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Effect size Cohen’s d |
| Mastery | 4.16 ± 0.94 | 3.26 ± 1.23 | −0.89 (−0.99 to −0.80) | <0.001 | 0.82 |
| Physical fitness | 4.76 ± 0.59 | 4.42 ± 0.76 | −0.33 (−0.39 to −0.28) | <0.001 | 0.49 |
| Affiliation | 3.58 ± 1.22 | 2.95 ± 1.21 | −0.64 (−0.73 to − 0.53) | <0.001 | 0.52 |
| Psychological state | 4.72 ± 0.63 | 4.35 ± 0.82 | −0.37 (−0.43 to −0.31) | <0.001 | 0.51 |
| Appearance | 3.66 ± 1.14 | 3.42 ± 1.20 | −0.24 (−0.34 to −0.14) | <0.001 | 0.20 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.75 ± 0.96 | 1.79 ± 1.01 | 0.04 (−0.04 to 0.12) | 0.3 | −0.04 |
| Enjoyment | 4.61 ± 0.68 | 3.65 ± 1.09 | −0.96 (−1.04 to − 0.88) | <0.001 | 1.07 |
| Competition/ego | 3.44 ± 1.23 | 3.09 ± 1.27 | −0.35 (−0.45 to −0.24) | <0.001 | 0.28 |
| Men | N=602 | N=473 | |||
| Mastery | 4.23 ± 0.91 | 3.46 ± 1.16 | −0.77 (−0.90 to −0.64) | <0.001 | 0.75 |
| Physical fitness | 4.69 ± 0.69 | 4.31 ± 0.86 | −0.38 (−0.47 to −0.28) | <0.001 | 0.49 |
| Affiliation | 3.72 ± 1.18 | 2.99 ± 1.17 | −0.73 (−0.87 to −0.58) | <0.001 | 0.62 |
| Psychological state | 4.63 ± 0.72 | 4.17 ± 0.93 | −0.47 (−0.57 to −0.36) | <0.001 | 0.57 |
| Appearance | 3.36 ± 1.17 | 3.06 ± 1.21 | −0.30 (−0.44 to −0.15) | <0.001 | 0.25 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.82 ± 0.97 | 1.86 ± 1.04 | 0.04 (−0.08 to 0.17) | 0.47 | −0.05 |
| Enjoyment | 4.57 ± 0.70 | 3.63 ± 1.05 | −0.94 (−1.05 to −0.83) | <0.001 | 1.08 |
| Competition/ego | 3.50 ± 1.18 | 3.07 ± 1.22 | −0.43 (−0.58 to −0.29) | <0.001 | 0.36 |
| Women | N=600 | N=633 | |||
| Mastery | 4.09 ± 0.97 | 3.12 ± 1.25 | −0.97 (−1.10 to −0.84) | <0.001 | 0.86 |
| Physical fitness | 4.83 ± 0.46 | 4.51 ± 0.67 | −0.32 (−0.38 to −0.25) | <0.001 | 0.55 |
| Affiliation | 3.45 ± 1.24 | 2.92 ± 1.23 | −0.53 (−0.67 to −0.39) | <0.001 | 0.43 |
| Psychological state | 4.80 ± 0.52 | 4.48 ± 0.69 | −0.32 (−0.39 to −0.25) | <0.001 | 0.52 |
| Appearance | 3.96 ± 1.04 | 3.68 ± 1.11 | −0.27 (−0.40 to −0.15) | <0.001 | 0.25 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.67 ± 0.95 | 1.74 ± 0.99 | 0.06 (−0.05 to 0.17) | 0.28 | −0.14 |
| Enjoyment | 4.65 ± 0.65 | 3.66 ± 0.98 | −0.98 (−1.09 to −0.88) | <0.001 | 1.05 |
| Competition/ego | 3.38 ± 1.28 | 3.11 ± 1.30 | −0.27 (−0.41 to −0.12) | <0.001 | 0.21 |
SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence intervals