TABLE 3.
Differences in sub-dimensions of motivation measure among longitudinally active and inactive men and women.
| Both men and women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-dimension | Longitudinally active Mean ± SD N=617 |
Longitudinally inactive Mean ± SD N=532 |
Mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Effect size Cohen’s d |
| Mastery | 4.21 ± 0.90 | 3.15 ± 1.23 | −1.06 (−1.20 to −0.93) | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| Physical fitness | 4.81 ± 0.49 | 4.30 ± 0.82 | −0.51 (−0.59 to −0.43) | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Affiliation | 3.70 ± 1.19 | 2.83 ± 1.21 | −0.87 (−1.01 to −0.73) | <0.001 | 0.73 |
| Psychological state | 4.76 ± 0.59 | 4.23 ± 0.84 | −0.53 (−0.62 to −0.45) | <0.001 | 0.74 |
| Appearance | 3.61 ± 1.10 | 3.30 ± 1.20 | −0.30 (−0.44 to −0.17) | <0.001 | 0.26 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.69 ± 0.92 | 1.85 ± 1.05 | 0.15 (0.04 to 0.27) | 0.01 | −0.16 |
| Enjoyment | 4.75 ± 0.54 | 3.39 ± 1.13 | −1.36 (−1.47 to − 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.57 |
| Competition/ego | 3.47 ± 1.22 | 3.02 ± 1.26 | −0.45 (−0.60 to −0.31) | <0.001 | 0.36 |
| Men | N=334 | N=240 | |||
| Mastery | 4.29 ± 0.83 | 3.33 ± 1.19 | −0.96 (−1.14 to −0.79) | <0.001 | 0.97 |
| Physical fitness | 4.73 ± 0.60 | 4.20 ± 0.90 | −0.53 (−0.66 to −0.39) | <0.001 | 0.71 |
| Affiliation | 3.93 ± 1.06 | 2.80 ± 1.19 | −1.13 (−1.32 to −0.94) | <0.001 | 1.01 |
| Psychological state | 4.66 ± 0.69 | 4.05 ± 0.96 | −0.61 (−0.75 to −0.46) | <0.001 | 0.76 |
| Appearance | 3.34 ± 1.14 | 3.05 ± 1.22 | −0.28 (−0.48 to −0.09) | 0.004 | 0.25 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.78 ± 0.93 | 1.94 ± 1.07 | 0.16 (−0.01 to 0.33) | 0.07 | −0.16 |
| Enjoyment | 4.71 ± 0.58 | 3.33 ± 1.12 | −1.38 (−1.54 to −1.23) | <0.001 | 1.64 |
| Competition/ego | 3.52 ± 1.19 | 3.00 ± 1.24 | −0.52 (−0.72 to −0.32) | <0.001 | 0.43 |
| Women | N=283 | N=292 | |||
| Mastery | 4.13 ± 0.97 | 3.01 ± 1.25 | −1.12 (−1.31 to −0.93) | <0.001 | 1.05 |
| Physical fitness | 4.90 ± 0.30 | 4.38 ± 0.74 | −0.52 (−0.61 to −0.43) | <0.001 | 0.91 |
| Affiliation | 3.43 ± 1.28 | 2.85 ± 1.23 | −0.57 (−0.79 to −0.36) | <0.001 | 0.46 |
| Psychological state | 4.87 ± 0.43 | 4.37 ± 0.70 | −0.50 (−0.60 to −0.41) | <0.001 | 0.87 |
| Appearance | 3.93 ± 0.96 | 3.52 ± 1.14 | −0.42 (−0.59 to −0.24) | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Others’ expectations | 1.59 ± 0.90 | 1.77 ± 1.03 | 0.18 (0.02 to 0.34) | 0.03 | −0.19 |
| Enjoyment | 4.79 ± 0.49 | 3.44 ± 1.15 | −1.35 (−1.50 to −1.21) | <0.001 | 1.53 |
| Competition/ego | 3.41 ± 1.27 | 3.03 ± 1.30 | −0.38 (−0.59 to −0.17) | <0.001 | 0.30 |
SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence intervals