TABLE 4.

Differences in sub-dimensions of motivation measure among longitudinally inactive persons and persons who changed from inactive to active during follow-up.

Sub-dimension	Change from inactive to active Mean ± SD N=228	Longitudinally inactive Mean ± SD N=532	Mean difference (95%CI)	p-value	Effect size Cohen’s d
Mastery	4.00 ± 1.12	3.15 ± 1.23	−0.85 (−1.03 to −0.67)	<0.001	0.71
Physical fitness	4.63 ± 0.82	4.30 ± 0.82	−0.33 (−0.45 to −0.20)	<0.001	0.40
Affiliation	3.42 ± 1.30	2.83 ± 1.21	−0.59 (−0.78 to − 0.39)	<0.001	0.48
Psychological state	4.59 ± 0.75	4.23 ± 0.84	−0.36 (−0.48 to −0.24)	<0.001	0.44
Appearance	3.64 ± 1.26	3.30 ± 1.20	−0.34 (−0.53 to 0.15)	0.006	0.28
Others’ expectations	1.79 ± 1.01	1.85 ± 1.05	0.06 (−0.10 to 0.21)	0.47	−0.06
Enjoyment	4.32 ± 0.83	3.39 ± 1.13	−0.93 (−1.08 to − 0.79)	<0.001	0.89
Competition/ego	3.45 ± 1.24	3.02 ± 1.26	−0.43 (−0.63 to −0.24)	<0.001	0.34

SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence intervals