TABLE 4.
Sub-dimension | Change from inactive to active Mean ± SD N=228 |
Longitudinally inactive Mean ± SD N=532 |
Mean difference (95%CI) | p-value | Effect size Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mastery | 4.00 ± 1.12 | 3.15 ± 1.23 | −0.85 (−1.03 to −0.67) | <0.001 | 0.71 |
Physical fitness | 4.63 ± 0.82 | 4.30 ± 0.82 | −0.33 (−0.45 to −0.20) | <0.001 | 0.40 |
Affiliation | 3.42 ± 1.30 | 2.83 ± 1.21 | −0.59 (−0.78 to − 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.48 |
Psychological state | 4.59 ± 0.75 | 4.23 ± 0.84 | −0.36 (−0.48 to −0.24) | <0.001 | 0.44 |
Appearance | 3.64 ± 1.26 | 3.30 ± 1.20 | −0.34 (−0.53 to 0.15) | 0.006 | 0.28 |
Others’ expectations | 1.79 ± 1.01 | 1.85 ± 1.05 | 0.06 (−0.10 to 0.21) | 0.47 | −0.06 |
Enjoyment | 4.32 ± 0.83 | 3.39 ± 1.13 | −0.93 (−1.08 to − 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.89 |
Competition/ego | 3.45 ± 1.24 | 3.02 ± 1.26 | −0.43 (−0.63 to −0.24) | <0.001 | 0.34 |
SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence intervals