Table 2.
List of antimicrobial, antiparasitic and insecticidal actions of bioactive fractions and pure compounds of Alpinia species
| Species name | Parts used | Bioactive fractions/compounds | Bioactivity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Acetoxychavicol acetate | Antifungal | Janssen and Scheffer (1985) |
| A. katsumadai | Seeds | Ethanol extract and fractions | Antiviral | Kwon et al. (2010) |
| A. conchigera | Leaves, stem and rhizomes | Essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation | Antibacterial and antifungal | Ibrahima et al. (2009) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | d,l-1-Acetoxychavicol acetate | Antimicrobial | Oonmetta-aree et al. (2006) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethanol extract | Antimicrobial | Khattak et al. (2005) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Chloroform extract | Antigiardial | Sawangjaroen et al. (2005) |
| A. speciosa | Leaves | Ethanol extract | Antimicrobial | Wang and Huang (2005) |
| A. calcarata | Rhizome | Hydrodistilled essential oil | Antifungal | Lakshmi et al. (2010) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethanolic extract | Antidermatophytic | Trakranrungsie et al. (2008) |
| A. speciosa | Leaves | 5,6-Dehydrokawain derivatives | Antifungal | Tawata et al. (1996) |
| A. ligulata and A. nieuwenhuizii | Rhizome | Essential oil | Antibacterial and antifungal | Yusoff et al. (2011) |
| A. pahangensis | Leaves and rhizomes | Hydrodistilled essential oil | Antibacterial | Awang et al. (2011) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | 1′-Acetoxy-chavicol acetate | Antibacterial | Weerakkody et al. (2011) |
| A. galanga | Leaves and rhizomes | Methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts | Antibacterial | Rao et al. (2010) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethyl acetate extract (1′-acetoxychavicol acetate) | Protects acne | Niyomkam et al. (2010) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Chloroform extracts | Antifungal | Phongpaichit et al. (2005) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethanolic extract | Antifungal | Ficker et al. (2003) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Chloroform extract | Antiamoebic | Sawangjaroen et al. (2006) |
| A. nigra | Shoots | Crude aqueous extract | Flukicidal | Roy and Tandon (1999) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Methanol extract | Antimalarial | Abdulelah et al. (2010) |
| A. nigra | Shoots | Ethanolic extract | Anthelmintic | Roy and Swargiary (2009) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extract | Antileishmanial | Kaur et al. (2010) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol | Insecticidal | Sukhirun et al. (2010) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Methanol extract, yakuchinone A (1) | Insecticidal | Miyazawa et al. (2001) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Nootkatone | Insecticidal | Miyazawa et al. (2000) |
| A. purpurata | Flowers | Essential oils and aqueous extracts | Larvicidal and antibacterial | Santos et al. (2012) |