Table 4.
List of neuroprotective and antioxidant activities exhibited by various natural bioactive compounds and crude fractions of Alpinia species
| Species name | Parts used | Bioactive fractions/compounds | Bioactivity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Yu et al. (2003) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Protocatechuic acid | Neuroprotective | Shi et al. (2006) |
| A. oxyphylla | Kernel | Protocatechuic acid | Neuroprotective | An et al. (2006) |
| A. officinarum | Rhizome | Methanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Chang et al. (2011) |
| A. katsumadai | Seeds | 70 % Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Li et al. (2011a) |
| A. katsumadai | Seeds | Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Li et al. (2011b) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | 80 % Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Zhang et al. (2011b) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Water extract | Neuroprotective | Koo et al. (2004) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | 94 % Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Yu et al. (2003) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | n-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate | Neuroprotective | Singh et al. (2011a) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethanolic extract | Neuroprotective | Singh et al. (2011b) |
| A. zerumbet | Leaves and rhizome | Dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain and other ethyl acetate and hexane extract | Antioxidant | Elzaawely et al. (2007b) |
| A. zerumbet | Flowers and seeds | Ethyl acetate and hexane extract | Antioxidant | Elzaawely et al. (2007a) |
| A. galanga and A. allughas | Rhizome | Dichloromethane and methanol extract | Antioxidant | Vankar et al. (2006) |
| A. speciosa | Rhizome | Feruloyl esters with epicatechin | Antioxidant | Masuda et al. (2000) |
| A. katsumadai | Seeds | Epigallocatechine-3-gallate, resveratrol and total extract | Antioxidant | Lee et al. (2003) |
| A. officinarum | Rhizome | Methanolic extract | Antioxidant | Chang et al. (2011) |
| A. calcarata | Rhizome | Hydrodistilled n-pentane and ether extract | Antioxidant | Arambewela et al. (2010) |
| A. oxyphylla | Fruits | Protocatechuic acid | Antioxidant | Zhang et al. (2011a) |
| A. galanga | Rhizome | Ethanol extract | Antioxidant | Singh et al. (2011b) |
| A. densespicata | Stem and leaves | Ethanol extract | Nitric oxide inhibitory | Kuo et al. (2009) |
| A. officinarum | Rhizome | Hydro alcoholic extract | Antioxidant | Srividya et al. (2010) |