TABLE 1. Description of Quantitative Outcomes.

Measure	Description
Facial movement	Three-dimensional measures of facial tissues during facial animations such as smile, lip purse, cheek puff, grimace, and mouth opening (Trotman et al., 2000; Weeden et al., 2001; Trotman et al., 2003)
Lip force	Force measures made at the midline of the upper and lower lips (Barlow, 1998)
Sensory
Perception thresholds	Two-point perception thresholds measured on the right and left sides of both the upper and lower vermilion (Chen et al., 1995; Feldman et al., 1997; Essick et al., 2001)
Temperature thresholds	Warmth-detection and cool-detection thresholds measured on the right and left sides of both the upper and lower vermilion (Martinez, 1996; Essick et al., 2004)
Sensorimotor integration
Perioral reflex activity	Punctate (pressure-like) low-level mechanical stimulus to each right and left, upper and lower vermilion; mechanically evoked electromyography activity is sampled bilaterally from sites over the orbicularis oris superior and inferior muscle before, during, and after the stimulation (Barlow et al., 1993; Barlow and Bradford, 1996)